China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
A to Z Entries
Published in Clare E. Milner, Functional Anatomy for Sport and Exercise, 2019
The lumbar spine and pelvis support and transmit the weight of the upper body to the lower extremities. The pelvis has a limited amount of movement between its bones and is supported by strong ligaments. The sacroiliac joint has a very limited amount of movement and is supported by the strong posterior and interosseous sacroiliac ligaments, plus the thinner anterior sacroiliac ligament. The interosseous ligaments are the primary structures involved in the transfer of upper body weight to the pelvis and then to the lower extremities. Movement at the sacroiliac joint is further held in check by the strong sacrotuberous ligaments. These ligaments run from the sacrum to the ischial tuberosity of the pelvis and prevent superior rotation of the inferior end of the sacrum. The lumbosacral joint is supported by the iliolumbar ligaments which run from the transverse processes of the L5 vertebra to the iliac bones of the pelvis. There is also a joint between the sacrum and coccyx, although it does not contribute to weight transfer to the lower extremities. The sacrococcygeal joint is supported by anterior and posterior sacrococcygeal ligaments, which run longitudinally from the sacrum to the coccyx.
Chronic Spinal Pain: Mechanisms and a Role for Spinal Manual Medical Approaches to Therapy and Management
Published in Mark V. Boswell, B. Eliot Cole, Weiner's Pain Management, 2005
James Giordano, Alfred V. Anderson, Michael J. Nelson
The iliolumbar ligament is diffusely innervated by fibers of the dorsal and, to some extent, ventral rami (Bogduk, 1997). It is not well known whether this ligament fulfills the criteria for generating spinal pain in that it is difficult to clinically isolate, (anatomically) lying within the multifidi and erector spinae (Bogduk, 1997); is differentially developed across age groups and individual adults (Luk et al., 1986); and may functionally affect and be reciprocally affected by both the deep and intermediate musculature of the spine and the lower lumbar and lumbosacral joints (Collee et al., 1991; Ingpen & Burry, 1970). Macintosh and Bogduk (1986) maintain that the lumbar intramuscular aponeurosis, which forms a common tendonous attachment for the tendon of the lumbar longissimus to the posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS), may be the principal pain generator during lumbar flexion, rotation, and lateral bending. Thus, it seems that ligamentous pathology is only minimally contributory to primary spinal pain, but may exacerbate existing pathologies in other structures to produce postures and articulations that recruit these substrates to be nociceptive.
Seating and Mobility for The Severely Disabled
Published in Raymond V. Smith, John H. Leslie, Rehabilitation Engineering, 2018
The articulation between the spine and the pelvis is termed the lumbosacral joint. The position of the pelvis is traditionally defined by the lumbosacral angle (Figure 13). The lumbosacral angle is defined as the angle between a line drawn through the superior plateau of the first sacral vertebrae and the horizontal. In the ASRP, this angle is approximately 15 to 20 degrees as measured in the midsagittal plane. Motion of the pelvis can be described in terms of pelvic tilt, pelvic obliquity, and pelvic rotation. Pelvic tilt — Movement in the sagittal plane from the neutral position is described as a forward or backward pelvic tilt (see Figure 13).Pelvic obliquity — Rotational movement from neutral in the frontal plane about a horizontal axis passing through the lumbosacral joint measures the lateral obliquity of the pelvis. Obliquity is named in terms of the side which moves downward. A right pelvic obliquity means that the right side of the pelvis is lowered and the left side is raised (Figure 14, front view).Pelvic rotation — Rotation of the pelvis in the transverse (horizontal plane) is measured about a vertical axis passing through the lumbosacral joint. The movement is defined in terms of the direction toward which the front of the pelvis turns (Figure 14, lower diagram).
A comparative analysis of lumbar spine mechanics during barbell- and crate-lifting: implications for occupational lifting task assessments
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2020
Jackie D. Zehr, Danielle R. Carnegie, Timothy N. Welsh, Tyson A. C. Beach
The lift phase of each repetition was defined from the instant in time that the participants started a downward descent to grasp the object to the instant in time when an upright standing posture was achieved with the object in hand. The start and end of each lift were manually identified and labeled in Visual 3D™ using the linked-segment model's vertical center-of-mass and wrist marker trajectory. To address the objective of the present study, the peaks of the following kinematic and kinetic waveforms were extracted from the three lifting repetitions, averaged and then used as dependent variables in the planned statistical analyses during what was defined as the lifting phase in the current study (described above): lumbar flexion angle; lumbar flexion velocity; and lumbar extension velocity; lumbosacral joint compression. The peak lumbar flexion angle, lumbosacral joint compression and lumbosacral moment occurred at about the same point of the lifting phase (i.e., when lifting the object off the floor) across participants and repetitions. The peak lumbar flexion velocity consistently occurred at about the mid-point of the decent portion of the lifting phase (i.e., when bending forward to pick up the object), while the peak lumbar extension velocity consistently occurred at about the mid-point of the ascent portion of the lifting phase (i.e., when standing up with the object in hands). To assist with interpreting the results of the planned analyses, the net lumbosacral joint moment and lumbosacral joint–object distance were extracted at the instant when the peak compression force was imposed during each lift (i.e., at lift-off) and then averaged to create dependent variables used in an unplanned statistical analysis. These latter variables were analyzed a posteriori because it was suspected that between-condition differences in lumbosacral joint compression forces were due to differences in the external (demand) moment imposed about the lumbosacral joint. Specifically, it was observed that participants tended to position their body further away from the crate when grasping the handles than they did when grasping the barbell, which was recognized as a potential confounder when conducting the planned analyses.
A preliminary study in classification of the severity of spine deformation in adolescents with lumbar/thoracolumbar idiopathic scoliosis using machine learning algorithms based on lumbosacral joint efforts during gait
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2023
Bahare Samadi, Maxime Raison, Philippe Mahaudens, Christine Detrembleur, Sofiane Achiche
Gait pattern provides useful information to assess and follow-up musculoskeletal disorders. AIS affects trunk symmetry and anatomy of spine that can modify human locomotion. Significant differences have been reported in kinematics (Schmid et al. 2015) and ground reaction forces during gait in AIS with different levels of severity (Chockalingam et al. 2004). Therefore, the intervertebral efforts as variables, which are computed by using kinematics and ground reaction forces, can provide valuable information to assess and follow-up scoliosis. Raison et al. reported that the magnitude, maxima and minima of intervertebral efforts normalized to the body mass are being influenced by the severity of spinal deformity (Raison et al. 2010; Raison and Ballaz 2018). Guilbert et al. and Samadi et al. reported (Guilbert et al. 2019; Samadi et al. 2020) that the intervertebral efforts have significant differences between the scoliotic patients and typically developed individuals. We considered these findings from the literature for feature selection process to train the classification algorithms. Consequently, in the current study, we developed a machine learning algorithm based on the lumbosacral (L5-S1) joint efforts during gait as an aid for clinicians to follow-up and assess the progression of scoliosis. The proposed method classified the severity of scoliosis (Cobb angle) in 30 patients without any spinal fusion surgery within the Lenke 5-6 (left lumbar/thoracolumbar scoliosis). Three different classes based on the treatments strategies and clinical classification, were considered: AIS individuals with mild, moderate and severe scoliosis. The lumbosacral joint is known as the most mobile part of the spine in lumbar/thoracolumbar scoliosis. Additionally, mediolateral force and torque as well as anteroposterior torque, in this part of the spine, have shown differences between healthy individuals and the individuals with different severity as shown in Figure 2 and studies presented in Mahaudens et al. (2009), Raison and Ballaz (2018) and Samadi et al. (2020). Therefore, these mentioned efforts in the lumbosacral joint are promising parameters to be chosen as features for the classifier algorithm. It can be explained by the fact that spinal deformity causes the AIS to compensate on the opposite limb to that of the curve. Furthermore, it has been reported that lumbar curve causes asymmetrical trunk movement in the coronal plane (Nishida et al. 2017). Therefore the efforts related to the lateral direction, i.e. ML force and torque and AP torque are influenced the most by the spinal deformity during gait, compared to the other components of the intervertebral efforts (Chockalingam et al. 2004).