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Surface anthropometry
Published in R. C. Richard Davison, Paul M. Smith, James Hopker, Michael J. Price, Florentina Hettinga, Garry Tew, Lindsay Bottoms, Sport and Exercise Physiology Testing Guidelines: Volume II – Exercise and Clinical Testing, 2022
Anthropometry is defined as ‘measurement of the human body’. Surface anthropometry may therefore be defined as the science of acquiring and utilising surface dimensional measurements which describe the human phenotype. Measurements of mass, stature, skeletal breadths, segment lengths, girths and skinfolds are used, either as raw data or derived ratios or predicted values to describe human size, proportions, shape, composition and symmetry, or to infer aspects of nutritional status or physical performance. Historically, anthropometry draws from diverse disciplines including anatomy, physiology, nutrition and medicine, and the multiplicity of methodologies which prevail may cause some confusion for the exercise scientist in practice today, and impact the comparability of data. The current definitive guide for all anthropometric procedures is the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK) standards manual (Esparza-Ros et al., 2019). The purpose of this chapter is to summarise key principles and methods for measuring stature, mass and the most commonly used skinfolds and girths.
Surface anthropometry
Published in R. C. Richard Davison, Paul M. Smith, James Hopker, Michael J. Price, Florentina Hettinga, Garry Tew, Lindsay Bottoms, Sport and Exercise Physiology Testing Guidelines: Volume I – Sport Testing, 2022
Anthropometry is defined as ‘measurement of the human body’. Surface anthropometry may therefore be defined as the science of acquiring and utilising surface dimensional measurements which describe the human phenotype. Measurements of mass, stature, skeletal breadths, segment lengths, girths and skinfolds are used, either as raw data or derived ratios or predicted values to describe human size, proportions, shape, composition and symmetry, or to infer aspects of nutritional status or physical performance. Historically, anthropometry draws from diverse disciplines, including anatomy, physiology, nutrition and medicine, and the multiplicity of methodologies which prevail may cause some confusion for the exercise scientist in practice today and impact upon the comparability of data. The current definitive guide for all anthropometric procedures is the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK) standards manual (Esparza-Ros et al., 2019). The purpose of this chapter is to summarise key principles and methods for measuring stature and mass and the most commonly used skinfolds and girths.
Assessing Body Composition of Athletes
Published in Elizabeth Broad, Sports Nutrition for Paralympic Athletes, 2019
Gary Slater, Victoria Goosey-Tolfrey
Precise assessment of anthropometric traits, in particular skinfold thickness, can be difficult and therefore extreme care in site location and measurement is required if meaningful results are to be obtained. Prior to assessment, the tester should develop the appropriate technique, reducing the level of error in repeated measurements, and thus enhancing the ability to detect small but potentially important changes. The standard assessment protocol of the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK) (Stewart et al. 2011) is recommended. Professionals wishing to monitor the physique traits of athletes using surface anthropometry are strongly encouraged to undertake professional training through accredited courses (Figure 13.6).
Soccer coaches vs. sport science and medicine staff: who can more accurately predict the skeletal age of high-level youth soccer players?
Published in Science and Medicine in Football, 2023
Ludwig Ruf, Stefan Altmann, Christian Kloss, Sascha Härtel
Standing height (±0.1 cm) and body mass (±0.1 kg) were measured by three physiotherapists of the respective age groups using a portable stadiometer with integrated weighing scale (Kern MPE-E, KERN & SOHN GmbH, Balingen, Germany). Standardised procedures according to the guidelines of International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK) were followed. The players wore shorts and a T-shirt, footwear was removed. Standing height for a sub-sample of 10 players per age group was measured again separated by 7 days to assess intra-rater test–retest reliability. The standard error of measurement (SEM) for the three examiners was 0.31 cm (95% confidence interval 0.24 to 0.46 cm), 0.49 cm (0.33 to 0.89 cm), and 0.23 cm (0.16 to 0.42 cm), well within previously reported data of similar populations (Massard et al. 2019; Lolli et al. 2021).
The role of growth and maturation during adolescence on team-selection and short-term sports participation
Published in Annals of Human Biology, 2020
Adam D. G. Baxter-Jones, Erin N. Barbour-Tuck, Donovan Dale, Lauren B. Sherar, Camilla J. Knight, Sean P. Cumming, Leah J. Ferguson, Kent C. Kowalski, M. Louise Humbert
Height, sitting height and weight were collected following the protocols of the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (Ross and Marfell-Jones 1991). Using a portable stadiometer (Seca Portable Stadiometer, Hamburg, Germany) height and sitting height were measured in participants, without shoes, holding their heads in the Frankfurt plane, with a precision of 0.1 cm. Body weight (kg) was measured with children in light clothing and with 0.1 kg precision using a portable digital scale (Toledo Scale Company, Thunder Bay, Canada). All measures were performed twice and a mean calculated; a third measurement was taken if there was a difference of more than 0.1 cm or 0.4 kg. Using reference data from the World Health Organization’s 2014 Canadian data (World Health Organization 2014), each participant’s height and weight were normalised by calculating z-scores.
The association between calf circumference and appendicular skeletal muscle mass index of black urban women in Tlokwe City
Published in Journal of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa, 2018
PO Ukegbu, HS Kruger, JD Meyer, C Nienaber-Rousseau, C Botha-Ravyse, SJ Moss, MI Kruger
Measurements were carried out by trained anthropometrists using standard calibrated instruments and methods prescribed by the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK).22 Weight was measured to the nearest 0.1 kg using an electronic scale (Seca, Birmingham, UK) and height was recorded to the nearest 0.1 m using a stadiometer (Seca, Birmingham, UK) with participants lightly clothed and shoes removed. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight (kg) divided by height in metres squared. CC was measured using a flexible steel tape (Lufkin, Cooper tools, Apex, NC, USA) with participants in a standing position. The tape was placed around the calf at the level of maximal girth without compressing the subcutaneous tissues. Measurement was taken from the lateral side of the body measuring to the nearest 0.1 cm.