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Published in Clare E. Milner, Functional Anatomy for Sport and Exercise, 2019
As a synovial joint (see joint classification), the hip joint is surrounded by a fibrous capsule. Thickenings of this capsule form the three external ligaments of the hip. These ligaments spiral from the pelvis to the femur, providing strong support for the joint. The most anterior ligament is the iliofemoral ligament, also known as the Y-ligament because it has a characteristic inverted Y-shape. This ligament arises from the anterior inferior iliac spine and acetabular rim of the pelvis, winding anteriorly and distally to attach at two points on the intertrochanteric line on the proximal anterior femur. The major role of this ligament is to prevent hyperextension of the hip joint. The pubofemoral ligament has an anteroinferior position. It attaches to the obturator crest, laterally on the pubic bone and runs laterally and distally to blend with the iliofemoral ligament at its femoral attachment. This ligament prevents excessive abduction of the hip joint. The third capsular ligament lies posterior to the hip joint. The ischiofemoral ligament arises from the ischial part of the rim of the acetabulum, spiralling proximally and laterally to attach to the superior surface of the neck of the femur, just medial to the greater trochanter. This ligament is the weakest of the three. All of the ligaments become tighter during hip extension, preventing hyperextension and pushing the head of the femur into the acetabulum and maximizing the stability of the joint.
Lower limb
Published in David Heylings, Stephen Carmichael, Samuel Leinster, Janak Saada, Bari M. Logan, Ralph T. Hutchings, McMinn’s Concise Human Anatomy, 2017
David Heylings, Stephen Carmichael, Samuel Leinster, Janak Saada, Bari M. Logan, Ralph T. Hutchings
The hip joint is a very stable joint. Which of the statements below most accurately describes the related anatomy?When the right limb is supporting body weight, it is gluteus medius and minimus on the unsupported left limb that prevent falling to the unsupported left limb.When walking upstairs, it is the action of the extensor muscles of the hip and knee to counter the effects of gravity in the limb taking the load that will raise the body up.When sitting down, the hip flexor muscles, psoas and rectus femoris actively control the rate of descending from the standing position.When standing upright, the hip joint is in the extended position and the degree of extension is actively controlled by psoas and rectus femoris.Adduction of the hip joint by the adductor group of muscles is limited by the iliofemoral and ischiofemoral ligaments.
The Articulations of the Lower Member
Published in Gene L. Colborn, David B. Lause, Musculoskeletal Anatomy, 2009
Gene L. Colborn, David B. Lause
Three ligaments are particularly important in thickening the articular capsule and providing strength to the articulation. These include the iliofemoral, pubofemoral and ischiofemoral ligaments. The most important of these is the iliofemoral ligament, one of the strongest ligaments of the body. It helps to prevent hyperextension of the hip joint. The ischiofemoral ligament helps prevent excessive medial rotation of the femur.
Hip physical examination extension loss and radiographic osseous findings in patients with low back pain and nonarthritic hips
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2022
Richard Feng, Munif Hatem, Scott J. Nimmons, Ashley Disantis, RobRoy L. Martin, Hal David Martin
In patients with femoral torsion abnormalities, the ligamentous structures play a role in limiting HE. Patients with increased femoral torsion and laxity of the iliofemoral ligament may be able to further extend the hip due to anterior subluxation of the femoral head with a posterior levering mechanism. In contrast, HE limitation would be observed in hips with increased femoral torsion and a tight iliofemoral ligament. The effects of this mechanism were observed in the present study. Hips with increased femoral torsion were able to further extend with the addition of internal rotation, which simultaneously relaxes the iliofemoral ligament and avoids premature coupling between the posterior femoral neck and acetabulum. For hips with decreased femoral torsion, the migration of the iliofemoral ligament medial arm superolaterally to the femoral head likely explains why additional HE is achieved with external rotation. This effect depends on the degree of hip abduction, the femoral neck shaft angle, and the relationship between the origin and insertion of the iliofemoral ligament medial arm in the coronal plane. Hips with decreased femoral torsion may not present limitation in extension due to lax pubofemoral, iliofemoral, and ischiofemoral ligaments. Therefore, femoral torsion and ligamentous structures have a close relationship in controlling HE. Of note, a cam deformity was not considered an obvious osseus finding of limited HE in the present study. However, a superiorly located cam deformity has the potential to tighten the iliofemoral and ischiofemoral ligaments, limiting HE.
Development and calibration of a probabilistic finite element hip capsule representation
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2020
Casey A. Myers, Clare K. Fitzpatrick, Daniel N. Huff, Peter J. Laz, Paul J. Rullkoetter
Hip joint stability provided by the soft tissues of the hip capsule can vary substantially across the population. This has been illustrated at the whole joint level by variability in range of motion under consistent loading that is observed in both cadaveric experiments and clinical tests (Nadzadi et al. 2003; Myers et al. 2011; van Arkel et al. 2015). In addition, there have been attempts to characterize the mechanical properties of the major hip capsular ligaments that have produced a wide range of reported ligament properties (Hewitt et al. 2001; Stewart et al. 2002; Pieroh et al. 2016). Pieroh et al. (2016) quantified variability in ligament linear stiffness that ranged from 29% to as high as 68.5% of the experimental mean among the three primary capsular ligaments (iliofemoral, ischiofemoral and pubofemoral). With fewer samples and noted differences in specimen preparation, Hewitt et al. (2001) reported similar levels of variation in ligament stiffness for the iliofemoral and ischiofemoral ligaments. Given the substantial inter-subject variability, there are benefits to employing a probabilistic approach that includes determining the likelihood of a particular outcome across a population and the potential range of possible outcomes (i.e., probabilistic bounds).