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Granulomatous Diseases
Published in Ayşe Serap Karadağ, Lawrence Charles Parish, Jordan V. Wang, Roxburgh's Common Skin Diseases, 2022
Albert Alhatem, Robert A. Schwartz, Muriel W. Lambert, W. Clark Lambert
This includes dermatitis, especially in the intertriginous areas and scalp, ranging from scaly erythematous lesions to red papules. Bone can also be affected with pathologic fractures and bone marrow abnormalities, which results in pancytopenia. There may be hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and lymphadenopathy in up to 50% of cases. Other less frequent findings involve the hypothalamus leading to diabetes insipidus.
Basic dermatology in children and adolescents
Published in Joseph S. Sanfilippo, Eduardo Lara-Torre, Veronica Gomez-Lobo, Sanfilippo's Textbook of Pediatric and Adolescent GynecologySecond Edition, 2019
Kalyani Marathe, Kathleen Ellison
Intertrigo refers to an inflammatory disorder of the skin that is often secondarily infected with Candida; this occurs in areas of skin-to-skin contact, known as the intertriginous areas, such as the neck in infants, axillae, and groin. The combination of friction in a moist and warm environment causes inflammation to occur, resulting in macerated erythematous plaques in these areas.
Pediatric psoriasis
Published in M. Alan Menter, Caitriona Ryan, Psoriasis, 2017
The vitamin D3 analogues calcipotriene (cream, ointment, foam, or solution) and calcitriol (ointment) have a slow onset of action (6–8 weeks) when used as monotherapy twice daily, but are more effective in combination with topical steroids.59 Irritant dermatitis, particularly on the face and intertriginous areas, occurs in up to 20% of patients. Calcineurin inhibitors, particularly tacrolimus ointment 0.1%, are steroid-sparing agents, which can be applied twice daily and are helpful for facial and intertriginous lesions within 1–2 months.60,61
Design of lower limb prosthetic sockets: a review
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2022
Minghui Wang, Qingjun Nong, Yunlong Liu, Hongliu Yu
The temperature of the prosthetic socket is rising in the full-contact prosthetic sockets and other prosthetic sockets for large contact areas with skin due to the close fit. The rising temperature makes the skin sweat more than usual, and the sweat cannot evaporate freely in a substantial area. The increased humidity may occur intertriginous dermatitis, evoking infections with dermatophytes and yeasts of the groin. The increased humidity may cause slippage and lead to skin problem. In addition, bacterial infections occur, especially with staphylococcus aureus leading to folliculitis, furunculosis (or boils), cellulitis, pyoderma, and hidradenitis [16]. Sensitization from chemical compounds of the socket or liner also may lead to allergic contact dermatitis and irritant dermatitis and atopic eczema (Figure 2) [20]. Preexisting skin diseases (e.g. psoriasis or acne) may be elicited by the use of sockets.
Characterization and Management of Inflammatory Eye Disease in Patients with Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2021
Daniel J. Lee, Sapna Desai, Emily Laurent, Laura J. Kopplin
Subjects were included if they were either diagnosed by a dermatologist or if they were diagnosed with HS by a medical specialty other than dermatology and documented as having more than one episode of abscesses or inflammatory nodules in intertriginous regions of the body. Subjects were excluded from the study if they were not definitively diagnosed with HS (e.g. if the dermatologist was unsure whether the subject had HS or folliculitis), if the diagnosis of HS was not found during chart review, if the subject was misdiagnosed with HS (e.g. the subject was initially diagnosed with HS by their primary care physician but later diagnosed with folliculitis by a dermatologist), if the subject was not formally evaluated at the Eye Institute (e.g. referral was in place but the patient was never seen for an eye exam), or if the subject was pregnant. Additionally, subjects with IED were excluded from the analysis of IED in subjects with HS if their ocular inflammation was incited by trauma, determined to be of infectious etiology, or if they were part of a clinical trial at the time of ocular inflammation. Subjects with a diagnosis of KCS were only included if there were documented ocular examination findings to support this diagnosis (e.g. keratopathy and/or conjunctival findings on slit-lamp examination). Subjects with TED were included if there was an ICD-9 or ICD-10 code of Graves ophthalmopathy, Graves orbitopathy, or thyroid eye disease, in addition, to having typical signs of TED on exam.
A safety review of biologic therapies for the management of hidradenitis suppurativa and unmet needs
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 2021
Zachary E. Holcomb, Martina L. Porter, Alexa B. Kimball
The pathogenesis underlying HS is multifactorial, including genetic contributions, lifestyle and environmental factors, hormonal influence, and the cutaneous microbiota. Approximately one-third of patients with HS endorse a family history of the disease, and certain mutations, including those in γ-secretase, have been identified in families with HS [5,6]. Certain lifestyle and environmental factors, including obesity and cigarette smoking, have well-established links with the development of HS and progressive disease severity [7]. The contribution of sexual hormones has long been theorized, and hormonal dysregulation of epidermal stem cells leading to defects in keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation has been postulated to result in the skin changes associated with HS [8]. Finally, micro-trauma to the skin in intertriginous areas, combined with increased bacterial burden and polymicrobial colonization in these areas, is felt to contribute to the development of HS skin lesions [9].