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The patient with acute neurological problems
Published in Peate Ian, Dutton Helen, Acute Nursing Care, 2020
In cross-section, the spinal cord has areas of white and grey matter (see Figure 9.13). Grey matter is arranged in an H shape and divided into regions called horns. Horns are classified as anterior (ventral) or posterior (dorsal) depending upon location. The posterior horns contain sensory axons, the anterior horns contain motor axons. The white matter is divided into regions called columns: anterior, posterior and lateral white columns. The amount of grey and white matter varies in different sections of the cord.
Management of skin disease
Published in Ronald Marks, Richard Motley, Common Skin Diseases, 2019
Skin disease can be as disabling as disease of other organ systems. Disability from skin disease consists of physical, emotional and social components. The physical disability derives from decreased mobility due to the abnormal stratum corneum present in eczema, psoriasis or the ichthyotic disorders. The abnormal horn lacks extensibility and cracks appear when the skin is stretched. The abnormally stiff dermis in scleroderma or scarring also affects mobility. The emotional disability stems from the psychological problems discussed above and can lead to serious depression and its consequences. The social disability stems from the ‘isolation’ imposed by both the patients themselves and society at large. It results in domestic and occupational problems.
Congenital anomalies of the reproductive tract
Published in Joseph S. Sanfilippo, Eduardo Lara-Torre, Veronica Gomez-Lobo, Sanfilippo's Textbook of Pediatric and Adolescent GynecologySecond Edition, 2019
Maggie Dwiggins, Veronica Gomez-Lobo
Rudimentary uterine horns occur due to failure of fusion of the paired Müllerian ducts.3 The incidence is extremely rare, occurring in 1:100,000 to 140,000 female deliveries.41 When a rudimentary uterine horn contains functional endometrium, it will also have cyclic proliferation and shedding. When the horn is not communicating, it may become distended with menstrual products, causing severe abdominal pain.42 Rudimentary horns may also have small communications with the functional unicornuate uterus, allowing menstrual blood to efflux. While a noncommunicating horn generally presents early due to abdominal pain, a communicating horn may take several years to diagnose.42 Pregnancy can occur in a rudimentary uterine horn, and it generally presents as a surgical emergency as the rate of uterine rupture is high if a pregnancy progresses past the first trimester.41 MRI is the gold standard to diagnose a uterine horn, allowing for detection of endometrium. When a single obstructed horn is diagnosed, immediate surgical resection, including removal of ipsilateral tube, should be performed to avoid pain, severe endometriosis, pregnancy, or other complications.14 If communication is present, oversewing the remaining uterus may be necessary to prevent laxity of the uterine wall and subsequent rupture15 (Video 6.2).
Original animal model of lumbar disc degeneration
Published in Libyan Journal of Medicine, 2023
Najah Elmounedi, Walid Bahloul, Mourad Aoui, Nizar Sahnoun, Zoubaier Ellouz, Hassib Keskes
After identifying the two ovaries and uterine horn, Coated Vicryl 5–0 resorbable suture (Ethilon, Ethicon, Norderstedt, Germany) was performed around the area of the distal uterine horns and the ovaries were pulled. After the removal of the ovaries, the uterine horn was placed back into returned to the peritoneal cavity. The wound was closed in two layers as muscle and skin sutures using Coated Vicryl suture 5–0 with resorbable sutures (Ethilon, Ethicon, Norderstedt, Germany) (Figure 1e). Povidone-iodine was applied to the area to disinfect the skin after suturing. After surgery, the rats received an intramuscular injection of Tramadol HCl® Ampule 100 mg (Teriak, Zaghouan, Tunisia) as an analgesic agent, in terms of 3 mg/kg for 3 days. The animals were housed individually in cages for a period of 1 week to allow recovery and then regrouped in their cages.
Emerging trends and insights in acute flaccid myelitis: a comprehensive review of neurologic manifestations
Published in Infectious Diseases, 2023
Baljinder Singh, Sanchit Arora, Navjot Sandhu
A child 2 years of age came to Okayama Red Cross Hospital on day 4 of the illness and was previously vaccinated under the Japanese child vaccination program for polio. During admission, he had conditions like dizziness, abnormal gait, and oliguria [42]. Based on the clinical diagnosis, the patient was started on AFM treatment. After a few days, the patient showed a reduction in motor function, unable to pass urine (ischuria), and had a defective reflex to defecation (dyschezia). T2-weighted MRI radiographs on day 21 revealed longitudinal lesions in the spine (central gray matter) and anterior cauda equina enhancement, diagnosed with AFM. After a few days, these bilaterally confined to the anterior horns spinal lesions grew worse. The polymerase chain reaction test showed the presence of EV-D68 in the throat swab samples collected on day 5. After 1 year of treatment, upper limb motor function improved with manual muscle testing level 5 (MMT5), and manual muscle testing level 3 (MMT3) for lower limbs, and able to sit without assistance.
PU.1 interaction with p50 promotes microglial-mediated inflammation in secondary spinal cord injury in SCI rats
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2023
Mingchen Yu, Yiqing Ou, Hongmei Wang, Weidong Gu
The number of PU.1-positive cells on the spinal cord sections taken at 2 mm from the injury epicenter was counted in 500 × 500 μm frames. For each animal, the transverse sections of the dorsal horn, lateral funiculus, and ventral horn were selected. The cell counts were then used to determine the total number of PU.1-positive cells per square millimeter. The percentage of cells that stained positive for PU.1 or p-p50 was also quantified. The cells double stained with PU.1 and NeuN, GFAP, or Iba-1, as well as cells double stained with PU.1 and OX42 or p-p50, were also quantified. To identify the proportion of PU.1-expressing cells with positive expression of specific phenotypic markers, a minimum of 200 cells positive for the specific phenotypic markers in the white and gray matter of the sections were included. We then recorded the number of cells double-labeled with PU.1 and cell-specific markers. Two or three adjacent sections taken at 2 mm from the injury epicenter were used for quantitative analysis.