China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Gastric cancer
Published in Anju Sahdev, Sarah J. Vinnicombe, Husband & Reznek's Imaging in Oncology, 2020
Jacob S Ecanow, Richard M Gore
The gastric serosa folds back to attach to the diaphragm (gastrophrenic ligament) around a small ‘bare area’ of the stomach located between the cardia and the posterior surface of the fundus (28). Proximal tumours near the cardia can directly invade the diaphragm or retroperitoneum in this region that is not covered by peritoneum (28). Tumours of the greater curvature can extend through the gastrocolic ligament (GCL) to the superior haustral row of the transverse colon (29,30). (Figure 10.4) The GCL is continuous on the left with the gastrosplenic ligament (GSL), which can conduct malignancies from the left extent of the greater curvature and posterolateral fundus to the spleen and act as an initial path to the tail of the pancreas (splenorenal ligament, SRL) (29,30) (Figure 10.5). Tumours of the lesser curvature, GEJ, and the medial fundus can extend directly through the lesser omentum to the liver (29,30) (Figures 10.4 and 10.5). Finally, spread through the subperitoneal ligaments can lead to the retroperitoneal space, or to the root of the mesentery, and hence to the inframesocolic compartment (29–32).
Anatomy
Published in J. Richard Smith, Giuseppe Del Priore, Robert L. Coleman, John M. Monaghan, An Atlas of Gynecologic Oncology, 2018
Ernest F. Talarico, Jalid Sehouli, Giuseppe Del Priore, Werner Lichtenegger
Various terms are used to describe parts of the peritoneum/mesentery (Figure 4.5). The small intestine mesentery is referred to as “the mesentery,” but other mesenteries of specific parts of the GI tract are named accordingly: mesoesophagus, mesogastrium, transverse and sigmoid mesocolons, and mesoappendix. Omentum describes a double-layered extension of peritoneum passing from the stomach and proximal duodenum to adjacent organs. The greater omentum descends from the greater curvature of the stomach and then ascends to the anterior transverse colon and mesocolon. Similarly, the lesser omentum extends from the lesser curvature of the stomach and duodenum to the liver. Peritoneal ligaments are named based on which organs or parts of the abdominal wall they connect: falciform ligament, hepatogastric, hepatoduodenal ligament (thickened free edge of the lesser omentum conducting the portal triad), gastrophrenic ligament, gastrosplenic ligament, and gastrocolic ligament.
Gastric volvulus
Published in Prem Puri, Newborn Surgery, 2017
Alan E. Mortell, Brendan R. O’Connor
The stomach is relatively fixed at the esophageal hiatus and at the pyloroduodenal junction and is also stabilized by four ligamentous attachments—the gastrohepatic, gastrosplenic, gastrocolic, and gastrophrenic ligaments (Figure 53.3). Despite these attachments, considerable changes in shape and position of the normal stomach are possible. This is highlighted by the gastric rotation that can sometimes be observed during air insufflation of the stomach at the time of laparoscopically assisted percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy insertion.17 Absence or attenuation of the normal anatomical anchors results in abnormal gastric mobility, which may be encouraged still further by a coexistent diaphragmatic defect. Most cases of gastric volvulus in the newborn are secondary to diaphragmatic defects with or without deficient ligamentous attachments.2,18–24 The contribution of the gastrocolic and gastrosplenic ligaments to fixation of the stomach is demonstrated by the observation in the cadaver that their division allows 180° rotation of the normal stomach.2,5,25
A rare cause of severe epigastric pain, emesis and increased lipase
Published in Acta Chirurgica Belgica, 2018
Daan Van Olmen, Francis Somville, Gerry Van der Mieren
Two main classifications of gastric volvulus are described [1–3]. First of all, gastric volvulus can be classified as primary or secondary, based upon its etiology. Primary or idiopathic gastric volvulus occurs when abnormalities of the anchoring ligaments of the stomach are present. Elongation or rupture of the gastric (gastrocolic, gastrohepatic, gastrosplenic and gastrophrenic) ligaments caused by neoplasia, trauma or kyphoscoliosis are possible causes of primary gastric volvulus. Failure of this anchoring mechanisms can cause rotation of the stomach. In case of secondary gastric volvulus, the abnormal rotation is due to anatomical defects (except for ligament failure), such as paraesophageal hernia, traumatic diaphragm defect, tumor or phrenic nerve paralysis [1]. Paraesophageal hernia is the leading cause of this secondary gastric volvulus in approximately 60% of the cases [2].