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Refining Toxin Treatment for Glabella Frown Lines
Published in Yates Yen-Yu Chao, Optimizing Aesthetic Toxin Results, 2022
Most glabella toxin treatments target frowning. The frown is part of many expressions including anger, worry, discomfort, sadness, pain, and several others. It can be a response to external stimuli such as wind, light, smell, and others. Toxin treatment for blocking the glabella myogroup has been practiced since the start of toxin use in aesthetic procedures to reduce these so-called negative expressions. However, movements of the muscles here are not always negative. Some of them are neutral or even positive, like thinking, being moved emotionally, determination, etc. Treatments of the toxin that eradicate what are considered negative also leave this window of expression blank in other situations.
Assessing and managing pain
Published in Nicola Neale, Joanne Sale, Developing Practical Nursing Skills, 2022
Lindsey Pollard, Harriet Barker
Perhaps one of the people you thought of wants attention, while others prefer to be on their own. Maybe some frown, grimace and become irritable, while others try to relax their facial expression and carry on as normal. As with non-verbal and social responses, verbal and vocal responses (e.g. shouting, moaning) also vary. These are all different pain behaviours or pain expressions.
Botulinum Toxins
Published in Ali Pirayesh, Dario Bertossi, Izolda Heydenrych, Aesthetic Facial Anatomy Essentials for Injections, 2020
Massimo Signorini, Alastair Carruthers, Laura Bertolasi, Neil Sadick, Wolfgang G. Philipp-Dormston, Dario Bertossi
The classic five-point pattern of injection for frown lines suggests 4 U aliquots per point (0.1 mL when the 1.25 mL dilution is used), the total dose being 20 U. This modality is an excellent guide for beginners. However, individualized patterns and doses will ensue with increasing experience. There are two golden rules for the treatment of frown lines: The first is to inject deeply at the bony origin of the medial corrugator, with the lateral injections being placed superficially. This will significantly reduce the risk of eyelid ptosis. The second is to keep the corrugator injection points close to the brow in order to minimize diffusion to the lower frontalis fibers. This will preserve brow position, preventing brow ptosis.
Simultaneous hemorrhage of multiple cerebral cavernous malformations of the insular lobe and Meckel’s cave: a case report and literature review
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2023
Xiaolong Wu, Xu Wang, Gang Song, Mingchu Li, Ge Chen, Hongchuan Guo, Yuhai Bao, Jiantao Liang
Examination found hypoesthesia in the distribution of the first, second, and third divisions of the left TN, including the left cornea. The patient exhibited a weak frown on the left side, with mild decreases in the left nasolabial fold and with the jaw deviated to the left upon opening. The patient also exhibited a lack of right-sided coordination in the limbs. All other neurological examination findings were unremarkable. The patient had been admitted to a local hospital in August 2018 (2 months before admission to our hospital), at which time cerebral MRI revealed multiple space occupying lesions that manifested as mixed signals on T1- and T2-weighted images, with two showing evidence of hemorrhage – one in the left Meckel’s cave and the other in the left insular lobe. In October 2018 (our hospital), a repeat MRI revealed multiple CMs, with these two primary lesions showing evidence of recent bleeding. The lesion in left Meckel’s cave appeared as a mixed signal on T1- and T2-weighted images, while the other appeared as a lobulated and mixed signal on T1- and T2-weighted images and was located deep in the left side of the insular lobe, with an upper boundary in the corona radiata and a lower boundary in the lower 1/4 of the insular lobe (Figure 1(a–d)). The medial boundary of this CM compressed the basal ganglia, while the anterior and posterior boundaries were within the insular region. Digital subtraction catheter angiography (DSA) did not exhibit any abnormalities.
Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin A induces apoptosis and mitochondrial oxidative stress via activation of TRPM2 channel signaling pathway in neuroblastoma and glioblastoma tumor cells
Published in Journal of Receptors and Signal Transduction, 2020
Orhan Akpınar, Ahmet Özşimşek, Mustafa Güzel, Mustafa Nazıroğlu
The Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin with seven serotypes (A-G) are polypeptide produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Scientific progresses in the last decades facilitated using the polypeptides of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxins. A protease content of BTX inhibits the acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction. Type A (BTX) of the Clostridium botulinum neurotoxins is extensively being used as therapeutics against pain, epilepsy, ophthalmological, and neuromuscular disorders [19,20]. It has also been used to remove wrinkles and frown line from our body. In addition, recent data indicate its anticancer actions against tumor cell proliferation, including human neuroblastoma and glioblastoma tumor cells through stimulation of ROS production, apoptosis, caspase-3 and -9 activities [21–23]. However, molecular mechanisms of BTX on anticancer action in human neuroblastoma and glioblastoma tumor cells has not been clarified yet.
Affective Responses to Gay Men Using Facial Electromyography: Is There a Psychophysiological “Look” of Anti-Gay Bias
Published in Journal of Homosexuality, 2019
Melanie A. Morrison, Krista M. Trinder, Todd G. Morrison
A technique that affords researchers the opportunity to measure affective responses implicitly is facial electromyography (EMG). Facial EMG is an unobtrusive continuous measure that remains the only psychophysiological technique that can discern positive from negative affect (Heller, Greischar, Honor, Anderle, & Davidson, 2011; Larsen, Norris, & Cacioppo, 2003). With regard to the latter characteristic, both negative and positive affect are measured via involuntary muscle movements occurring below the skin’s surface: electrodes are commonly placed on the corrugator supercilium muscle site, located above the eyebrow, and on the zygomaticus major muscle site, located on the cheek. Greater brow activity provides an indication of negative affect in the form of imperceptible frowns, while greater cheek activity depicts positive affect in the form of imperceptible smiles. These two locations have been found to be longstanding psychometrically sound indicants of implicit affective reactions (Cacioppo, Petty, Losch, & Kim, 1986; Heller et al., 2011; Mauersberger, Blaison, Kafetsios, Kessler, & Hess, 2015; Tassinary, Cacioppo, & Geen, 1989).