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Animal Models of Bone Fracture or Osteotomy
Published in Yuehuei H. An, Richard J. Friedman, Animal Models in Orthopaedic Research, 2020
Yuehuei H. An, Richard J. Friedman, Robert A. Draughn
Animals were sacrificed three or five weeks after the surgery and the fracture healing was evaluated by X ray (Figure 2), histological and mechanical methods. Using this method, the fracture site is easy to control because of the adjustable foot rest built into the support anvil. Mechanical testing and histological studies showed that a standard fracture healing process was obtained. It is concluded that this modified method creates a standard, reproducible transverse closed fracture of rat tibia.
Can we accelerate the osteoporotic bone fracture healing response?
Published in Peter V. Giannoudis, Thomas A. Einhorn, Surgical and Medical Treatment of Osteoporosis, 2020
Martijn van Griensven, Elizabeth Rosado Balmayor
In order to accelerate fracture healing in osteoporotic patients, the basic treatment of fractures should be followed. However, besides the systemic therapies, local therapies to accelerate fracture healing can be taken into consideration. Locally stimulating fracture healing takes the same factors into consideration as for normal fracture healing or treatment of nonunions, e.g., the diamond concept (10,11). In the context of osteoporosis, adding mesenchymal stem cells may push the balance more toward an anabolic phenotype. Using biomaterials will provide a matrix that provides biomechanical stability. Growth factors will stimulate cells to differentiate and activate them to perform osteoanabolic actions. In this chapter, we focus on cells and growth factors.
Orthopaedic Surgery
Published in Gozie Offiah, Arnold Hill, RCSI Handbook of Clinical Surgery for Finals, 2019
Stages in fracture healingTissue destruction and haematoma formation (immediate)Inflammation and cellular proliferation (acute)Callus formation (few days to weeks)Consolidation (few weeks to months)Remodelling (months up to more than 1 year)
A rare case of Seymour fracture in an adult with non-fused growth plates
Published in Case Reports in Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2021
Seymour fracture was first described in 1966 as a transverse extra-articular open fracture of the distal phalanx associated with nail bed injury in children [1]. It’s a type of Salter-Harris I/II with a transverse fracture through the growth plate and includes juxta-epiphyseal fractures [2]. It’s so-called Seymour-type fracture by adults when localised at the same location as in children with Seymour’s fracture, but not related to growth plate [3]. The management of Seymour fracture is either operative or non-operative as described in the literature [4]. A successful strategy is to ensure appropriate management of fracture healing without damaging growth plates which may lead to early bony fusion. Nonetheless, the detailed mechanism for growth plate fusion is not fully understood. Bone growth is influenced by a number of nutritional, cellular, hormonal and genetic factors [5]. One hypothesis indicates that delayed growth plate fusion may be related to the deficiency or resistance to oestrogen in adolescence. We present a rare case of single digit (non-dominant) Seymour fracture in an adult with no-fusion of growth plates in all digits. This was managed with surgical exploration, fracture reduction, axial K-wire fixation and nail bed repair.
Effects of icariin on the fracture healing in young and old rats and its mechanism
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2021
Xiaoyun Zhang, Yueping Chen, Chi Zhang, Xuan Zhang, Tian Xia, Jie Han, Shilei Song, Canhong Xu, Feng Chen
Currently, fractures are very common all over the world. Healing in the vast majority of patients with fractures occurs by natural healing rather than by accelerated healing, and natural healing involves a long and slow physiological process (Giannoudis, Tzioupis, et al. 2007; Dimitriou et al. 2011). Therefore, it is necessary to find and study drugs or interventions that can accelerate fracture healing, and recent studies have identified certain substances that can indeed accelerate this process (Giannoudis, Psarakis, et al. 2007). Xu et al. (2015) pointed out that Sry-related high-mobility group box 11 can accelerate fracture healing and reduce delayed unions or nonunions by regulating mesenchymal stem cell differentiation and migration. Additionally, traditional Chinese medicine has been widely used in the treatment of fractures, osteoporosis and other bone-related diseases for thousands of years, and they can stimulate bone regeneration and accelerate fracture healing (Zhou et al. 2004). The roles of traditional Chinese medicine, such as Epimedium, in treating fractures have attracted researchers’ attention (Huang and You 1997; Zhang, Niu, et al. 2017).
Notoginsenoside R1 promotes MC3T3-E1 differentiation by up-regulating miR-23a via MAPK and JAK1/STAT3 pathways
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2019
Chunsheng Wang, Huanwei Sun, Yiming Zhong
Bone fracture healing is a complex biological process that sequentially involves inflammatory response, primary cartilaginous callus formation, revascularization, calcification, finally bone repair and remodelling [1]. Even if fracture patients are in the state of clinical treatment, there are still considerable cases of non-union and delayed union. To date, a variety of treatment therapies have emerged, for instance, surgical intervention, mechanical forces, pharmacotherapy, cell therapy and molecular biology therapy [2–5], as well as a combination of several methods. Bioactive agents in combination with targeted therapeutics have drawn researchers’ attention, especially through modulating microRNAs (miRs) and signalling pathways for accelerating osteoblastogenesis [6,7]. Given that preosteoblasts are bone-forming cells, it provides us a new insight into accelerating fracture healing by stimulating cells differentiation for bone formation.