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Diabetic Neuropathy
Published in Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo
The femoral nerve controls the muscles that help to straighten the leg and move the hips, while providing sensation in the lower leg and front of the thigh. When damaged, the ability to walk is compromised, and there may be problems with leg and foot sensation. Damage may result from diabetes, direct injury, tumors, prolonged nerve pressure, pelvic fracture, pelvic radiation, bleeding into the retroperitoneal space, and catheters placed into the femoral artery. Diabetes is able to cause widespread nerve damage, but femoral neuropathy is believed by some to be a form of diabetic amyotrophy and not a true peripheral neuropathy.
Skin and soft tissue
Published in Tor Wo Chiu, Stone’s Plastic Surgery Facts, 2018
The femoral nerve gives off Muscular branches to the extensor compartment of the thighSensory branches – intermediate and medial cutaneous nerves of the thighSaphenous nerve
Lower limb
Published in David Heylings, Stephen Carmichael, Samuel Leinster, Janak Saada, Bari M. Logan, Ralph T. Hutchings, McMinn’s Concise Human Anatomy, 2017
David Heylings, Stephen Carmichael, Samuel Leinster, Janak Saada, Bari M. Logan, Ralph T. Hutchings
At the front of the upper thigh, the femoral nerve lies lateral to the palpable femoral artery, with the femoral vein on the medial side of the artery and the femoral canal (the site of a possible femoral hernia) medial to the vein. Other palpable arteries in the lower limb are the popliteal, dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial.
Iliopsoas hematomas in people with hemophilia: diagnosis and treatment
Published in Expert Review of Hematology, 2020
E. Carlos Rodriguez-Merchan, Hortensia De la Corte-Rodriguez
In 2007, Dauty et al. reported 6 iliopsoas hematomas (2 post-traumatic, 2 spontaneous) in 5 patients with hemophilia (age range: 13–33 years) [26]. Femoral nerve involvement occurred in two cases and recurrences occurred in four. When the hematoma appeared, two patients were being treated by means of long-run prophylactic therapy with FVIII concentrates, but one of them had abandoned treatment. Management included recombinant FVIII concentrates, a short period of glucocorticoid therapy in the two cases with femoral nerve compression, and lower limb traction in three patients, followed by a rehabilitation program avoiding activities that stress flexor muscles of the hip. The ratio of iliopsoas hematoma per annum in this series was 2.9/1000 patients with severe or moderate hemophilia A. Prompt diagnosis was paramount because it allowed early therapy with FVIII. Thus, the risk of femoral nerve involvement and recurrence was reduced [26].
Diffusion tensor imaging of the sciatic and femoral nerves in unilateral osteoarthritis of the hip and osteonecrosis of femoral head: Comparison of the affected and normal sides
Published in Modern Rheumatology, 2019
Yasushi Wako, Junichi Nakamura, Shigeo Hagiwara, Michiaki Miura, Yawara Eguchi, Takane Suzuki, Sumihisa Orita, Kazuhide Inage, Yuya Kawarai, Masahiko Sugano, Kento Nawata, Kensuke Yoshino, Yoshitada Masuda, Koji Matsumoto, Seiji Ohtori
The sciatic and femoral nerves are the two major nerves around the hip joint. The mechanisms of hip pain are not fully understood, but degenerative changes of the sciatic and femoral nerves might contribute to hip pain in patients with diseases such as osteoarthritis of the hip (OA) or osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Of course, hip pathology is basically degeneration of the articular cartilage and joint deformity, but the chief complaint is pain. In an animal model, the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons innervating the hip were distributed between L1 and L5, but mainly at L4 [15,16]. In a synovitis rat model, calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactivity was increased in the DRG [17]. In hip OA patients, sensory innervation and inflammatory cytokines in hyperplastic synovia were associated with pain [18]. Furthermore, pain transmission should be associated with alterations in hip pathology. For example, the location of the hip pain is variable between OA and ONFH [19,20]; groin (89% versus 93%), buttock (38% versus 34%), greater trochanter (27% versus 9%), anterior thigh (33% versus 36%), knee (29% versus 68%), and the lower back (17% versus 18%) in OA versus ONFH, respectively. These differences between diseases suggest that the involvement of each nerve in hip pain may be different.
Influence of surgical approach on complication risk in primary total hip arthroplasty
Published in Acta Orthopaedica, 2018
Larry E Miller, Joseph S Gondusky, Atul F Kamath, Friedrich Boettner, John Wright, Samir Bhattacharyya
We identified a higher rate of patient-reported nerve injury with A. In the study of Amlie et al. (2014), nerve injury was self-reported in 5.9% of A patients at 24 months follow-up and 3.3% of P patients at 30 months follow-up; however, there was no distinction between sensory or motor involvement. In another comparative study (Luo et al. 2016), sensory deficit was 3.8% with A and 0% with P at 14 months’ follow-up. While comparative nerve injury data were limited to these 2 studies, a high incidence of sensory deficit with A has been reported in other studies (Bhargava et al. 2010, Goulding et al. 2010). This is primarily attributable to likely iatrogenic injury of the lateral cutaneous femoral nerve. Despite the higher patient-reported nerve injury rate with A, long-term functional limitations or higher reoperation rates are unlikely with these events based on the findings from other studies (Bhargava et al. 2010, Goulding et al. 2010).