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Adapting Injection Techniques to Special Indications
Published in Yates Yen-Yu Chao, Sebastian Cotofana, Anand V Chytra, Nicholas Moellhoff, Zeenit Sheikh, Adapting Dermal Fillers in Clinical Practice, 2022
Facial asymmetry is a normal and physiologic condition present in every patient and normally not clinically apparent. In some patients, however, the asymmetry can reach a clinically meaningful grade and can result from developmental inequality, diseases, trauma, imbalanced use of muscles, and iatrogenic reasons. These asymmetries could be blamed on multiple layers of tissue from bone depth. Correction of the asymmetric face requires the highest level of injection art. Injectors should be aware of the excess and deficiency of volume from side to side in every portion of the face to undertake the injection asymmetrically.
Pre-Assessment For Rhinoplasty
Published in R James A England, Eamon Shamil, Rajeev Mathew, Manohar Bance, Pavol Surda, Jemy Jose, Omar Hilmi, Adam J Donne, Scott-Brown's Essential Otorhinolaryngology, 2022
Catherine Rennie, Hesham Saleh
Facial symmetry is reported to be the basis for a beautiful face, although minor asymmetry may be associated with the perception of beauty. Many patients are unaware of minor facial asymmetries and, if they discover these in the post-operative period, it could lead to dissatisfaction and misunderstanding. It is therefore important to raise these concerns with the patient and document them pre-operatively.
Ophthalmic Injuries
Published in Ian Greaves, Keith Porter, Jeff Garner, Trauma Care Manual, 2021
Ian Greaves, Keith Porter, Jeff Garner
The majority of patients will have a generally symmetrical face. Trauma can cause fractures of the facial skeleton in and around the orbit as well as significant soft-tissue swelling. This may distort the bony and soft-tissue structure, resulting in facial asymmetry. In craniofacial trauma, ocular damage occurs in up to one third of case series.6
Facial asymmetry and chewing sides in twins
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2022
Elina V. Heikkinen, Ville Vuollo, Virpi Harila, Antanas Sidlauskas, Tuomo Heikkinen
We found that PCS did not affect significantly on facial asymmetry. However, in all asymmetry scores, facial symmetry increased when a twin chewed symmetrically. This needs a closer look, so we are going to research the subject with a larger study sample in the future. Anyhow, gender affected whole face asymmetry scores, albeit we did not get statistically significant results from the chin region. Being female increases facial symmetry, as found in previous studies. Differences in facial asymmetry could be due to different soft tissue profile between genders. Females have been found to have quite round faces with thicker soft tissue, whereas males have more prominent faces resembling a square [40]. That is why males have on average more asymmetrical faces than females. 3D images capture expressly soft tissue so asymmetry can be more easily seen in male images compared to female images.
Comparison of stress distribution of TMJ with different mandibular deformities under incisal clenching
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2022
Annan Li, Bingmei Shao, Zhan Liu
The average stresses of the condyle and disc with TMD were obviously greater than those in the control group. The maximum principal stresses of the condyle and disc with TMD were 20–54% higher than those in the control group, while the minimum principal stresses were 1.5–4 times greater than those in the control group (Figure 5). The anterior of the condyle and the intermediate zone of the disc bore high stresses. It indicated that TMD was related to the increase of the tensile and compressive stresses of the condyle and disc, especially the compressive stresses. The proportion of the patients with TMD in the deviation group (55.6%) was more than those in the prognathism and retrusion groups (20%). Among the test groups, the patients with TMD in the deviation group had the greatest compressive stresses in the condyles and discs, and the patients with TMD in the prognathism group had greater stresses than the retrusion group. These results and incidence rate were in a good agreement with the minimum principal stresses of the condyle and disc in the three test groups. In other words, clinking, pain and so on in the TMJs were related to the abnormal stresses. And it probably meant the patients with mandibular deviation had more risk of TMD than those with mandibular prognathism and retrusion. Therefore, facial asymmetry should be treated preferentially.
Evaluation of facial symmetry after jaw reconstruction surgery
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2021
Jade Duchscherer, Daniel Aalto, Lindsey Westover
The spectrum of facial asymmetry can be present for many reasons including presence from birth, due to injury or disease, arise during development and of unknown etiology, or as a result of medical examination or treatment (Thiesen et al. 2015). Head and neck cancer and its treatment may result in facial disfigurement (Gruss et al. 1991; Cascone et al. 2018; Huang et al. 2019). Surgical reconstruction based on free flaps is a relatively safe intervention to improve both the cosmesis and function of the orofacial system (Urken et al. 1994; Papadopoulos-Nydam et al. 2017). Furthermore, fat grafting is another widely accepted therapeutic technique for reconstruction that can address the soft tissues (Denadai et al. 2019). A significant component of aesthetics after reconstruction is symmetry of facial features. Facial symmetry is known to be a prominent determinant in assessing attractiveness, with a general agreement that severe facial asymmetries substantially decrease attractiveness of the face (Kaipainen et al. 2016). Thus, in addition to functional benefits, restoration of facial aesthetics, including facial symmetry, after reconstruction remains an important priority for patients.