Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle

Deep Tissue Hyperalgesia

Published in Robert M. Bennett, The Clinical Neurobiology of Fibromyalgia and Myofascial Pain, 2020

Lars Arendt-Nielsen, Thomas Graven-Nielsen

FIGURE 2. An example of postexercise muscle soreness as a model of deep tissue hyperalgesia. Mean [± standard error, N = 12] pressure pain thresholds assessed on the extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle before and after eccentric work with the wrist. Significantly decreased thresholds compared to the unexercised arm [*: P < 0.05]. Based on data from (13).

Effects of the hybrid of neuromuscular electrical stimulation and noxious thermal stimulation on upper extremity motor recovery in patients with stroke: a randomized controlled trial

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Journal Information

Published in Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 2019

Chien-Chih Chen, Yu-Ching Tang, Miao-Ju Hsu, Sing-Kai Lo, Jau-Hong Lin

Participants in this group received NMES therapy in conjunction with rehabilitation therapy. NMES was conducted in two rounds totaling 30 min. A portable dual-channel surface neuromuscular stimulation system (Enraf Nonius, Endomed-182, The Netherlands) was used with impulses of biphasic symmetrical trapezoidal waves to deliver NMES. Each application of electrical stimulation lasted 15 min, at a pulse width modulation of 200 µs and a frequency of 50 Hz. The on/off time was set at 10 s on and 10 s off. The intensity varied between 10 and 20 milliamps depending on the participant’s comfort and the maximum extension of the participant’s wrist and finger range of motion. Two circular active electrodes with a diameter of 2 cm were placed on the motor points of the extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle and the extensor digitorum muscle. Two square inactive electrodes (5 × 5 cm2) were also placed on the distal dorsal side of the forearm.

Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle

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Deep Tissue Hyperalgesia

Effects of the hybrid of neuromuscular electrical stimulation and noxious thermal stimulation on upper extremity motor recovery in patients with stroke: a randomized controlled trial