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Head and Neck Muscles
Published in Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Handbook of Muscle Variations and Anomalies in Humans, 2022
Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Warrenkevin Henderson, Hannah Jacobson, Noelle Purcell, Kylar Wiltz
Ceratocricoid may be fused with cricothyroid or the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (Macalister 1875; Maranillo and Sanudo 2016). It may also have an attachment into the capsule of the cricothyroid joint (Hetherington 1934; Sharp 1990; Maranillo et al. 2009). It may have two bellies (Hetherington 1934; Maranillo et al. 2009). It may also be divided only at its insertion into the thyroid cartilage (Hetherington 1934). It may be present bilaterally (Turner 1860; Macalister 1875; Knott 1883a; Hetherington 1934; Maranillo et al. 2009).
Thyroid disease
Published in Neeraj Sethi, R. James A. England, Neil de Zoysa, Head, Neck and Thyroid Surgery, 2020
The internal branch pierces the thyrohyoid membrane with the superior laryngeal artery. It supplies sensation to the supraglottis. The subglottis receives sensory innervation from the recurrent laryngeal nerve. The glottis receives sensory innervation from both nerves. The recurrent laryngeal nerve (also a branch of the vagus) loops under the aortic arch on the left and the subclavian artery on the right. The left nerve travels in the tracheo-oesophageal groove lying deep to the superior parathyroid gland and enters the larynx at the cricothyroid joint. The right nerve travels at a more oblique angle, usually due to the effect of travelling under the subclavian artery, and also enters the larynx at the cricothyroid joint. It supplies all intrinsic muscles of the larynx. This nerve has to be identified and preserved during dissection of the thyroid lobes and parathyroid glands.
Surgical Anatomy of the Thyroid
Published in Madan Laxman Kapre, Thyroid Surgery, 2020
Ashutosh Mangalgiri, Deven Mahore
The relation of the cricothyroid joint and the RLN is constant and very much reliable. Many surgeons prefer this as the first landmark to identify the RLN. This landmark is considered to be reliable because the nerve enters inside the larynx from this joint.
A spontaneous partially thrombosed ductal aneurysm presenting with left recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica Case Reports, 2020
Abhilasha Goswami, Anandita Das
Unilateral vocal cord paralysis – clinical implication: Unilateral vocal cord palsy (UVCP) causing hoarseness may result from involvement of the recurrent laryngeal nerve anywhere along its course – from the brainstem to its distal margins. The left recurrent laryngeal nerve is more often involved than the right due to its longer course and extension into the mediastinum. The left recurrent laryngeal nerve arises from the Vagus nerve, loops around the arch of the aorta, passes through the triangle (aortic triangle) formed by the aortic arch, the ligamentum arteriosum and the pulmonary artery, and ascends up into the neck in the tracheo-esophageal groove. The nerve finally enters the larynx posteriorly, near the cricothyroid joint. At the aortic triangle, the distance between the aorta and the left pulmonary artery is only 4.0 mm, making the nerve vulnerable at this point. When identified, UVCP must be thoroughly evaluated, as there are a number of possible causes leading to it. Around 40% of UVCP is caused by surgical injury – more often caused by surgical procedures, like carotid endarterectomy, anterior approaches to the cervical spine, and surgeries of the heart or great vessels [1]. Around 20% cases of UVCP were idiopathic [1]. Malignancy outside the larynx (most commonly bronchogenic carcinoma) was the third most common cause of UVCP, accounting for 14% of cases [1]. Traumatic injury, most frequently intubation related, accounts for 6% of all cases of UVCP [1]. Less common causes of UVCP include central nervous system disease, infection, inflammation, radiation therapy, and aortic aneurysm [1].