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Infraclavicular Brachial Plexus Blocks
Published in Bernard J. Dalens, Jean-Pierre Monnet, Yves Harmand, Pediatric Regional Anesthesia, 2019
Bernard J. Dalens, Jean-Pierre Monnet, Yves Harmand
Several infraclavicular branches issue from the brachial plexus in the axilla. The musculocutaneous nerve arises from the lateral cord at the lower border of the pectoralis minor muscle. It then pierces the coracobrachialis muscle and reaches the lateral side of the arm.
Upper limb
Published in Aida Lai, Essential Concepts in Anatomy and Pathology for Undergraduate Revision, 2018
Attachments of coracobrachialis muscle– origin: coracoid process of scapula– insertion: middle third of medial humerus– nerve SS: musculocutaneous n. (C5–7)– function: flex and adduct arm
Shoulder and humerus
Published in Pankaj Sharma, Nicola Maffulli, Practice Questions in Trauma and Orthopaedics for the FRCS, 2017
Pankaj Sharma, Nicola Maffulli
The musculocutaneous nerve arises from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus, opposite the lower border of the pectoralis minor. It is derived from the fifth, sixth and seventh cervical nerves. It pierces the coracobrachialis muscle and passes obliquely between the biceps brachii and the brachialis, to the lateral side of the arm. Due to its close proximity to the coracobrachialis muscle, it is vulnerable to injury during a coracoid osteotomy or if the coracobrachialis is retracted forcefully.
Modeling the effects of musculoskeletal geometry on scapulohumeral muscle moment arms and lines of action
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2019
Daanish M. Mulla, Joanne N. Hodder, Monica R. Maly, James L. Lyons, Peter J. Keir
Model-predicted elevation/depression moment arms varied substantially due to muscle attachment changes (Figure 2). Variation in moment arms (± 2 standard deviations) ranged from 5.4 to 25.8 mm depending on the muscle (Table 2). On average, the coefficients of variation for the model-predicted moment arms were 46.2% (range: 13.7–202.8%) across the muscles. In general, the moment arms for the rotator cuff muscles and teres major were most sensitive to changes in humeral attachment along the superior/inferior axis (Hy) (Table 3). Teres major (−9.9 mm), superior and inferior fibres of infraspinatus (−3.2, −4.2 mm), and teres minor (−3.0 mm) were most sensitive to humeral attachment changes, with a 1 standard deviation superior change in humeral attachment predicting moment arm changes of at least 3 mm (negative values indicate a decreased elevation or increased depression moment arm). In contrast, the deltoids and coracobrachialis muscles displayed greater sensitivity to scapular/clavicular attachment changes (Table 3). Scapular attachments along the medial/lateral axis had a strong influence on moment arms for the posterior deltoid (Sz = −11.4 mm) and coracobrachialis (Sz = −6.4 mm).
The reanimation of the elbow functions in avulsive injuries of the upper brachial plexus using the medial cord transfer: nuances of the technique and update
Published in Neurological Research, 2023
Stefano Ferraresi, Elisabetta Basso, Lorenzo Maistrello, Piero Di Pasquale
The entire plexus is always explored via the combined supraclavicular and infraclavicular approach. Our philosophy is to assess first the level and the entity of the damage, to exclude an unexpected integrity of the nerves and check for associated distal injuries, as the musculocutaneous nerve at the entrance into the coracobrachialis muscle and the axillary nerve at the quadrilateral space of Velpeau.