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Abies Spectabilis (D. Don) G. Don (Syn. A. Webbiana Lindl.) Family: Coniferae
Published in L.D. Kapoor, Handbook of Ayurvedic Medicinal Plants, 2017
The surface of the bark is fairly smooth and soft, and not deeply cracked, fissured, prominently lenticellate, or with exfoliating woody outer rind as in F. benghalensis. The thickness of the whole bark varies from less than a quarter of an inch to about three quarters of an inch, depending upon the age of the bark. The surface is extremely thin or thinly papyraceous and somewhat translucent. It is always found cracking in very close, irregular, vertical series and exfoliating in very small, oblong, or circular flakes about 10 in. wide, except in very young bark, which is very thin. The bark of F. glomerata is gray, and on drying the pieces become curved. It has an indistinct odor and astringent taste. The cork has three to eight layers of rectangular cells. Individual parenchymatous cells as well as sclereids are arranged in radial files with corresponding phellogen and cork cells. The cortex is wide with numerous sclereids. Phloem has sieve tubes, companion cells, etc. Powder is light pink to light brown in color.393
Direct ionizing radiation and bystander effect in mouse mesenchymal stem cells
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2022
Amanda Nogueira-Pedro, Helena Regina Comodo Segreto, Kathryn D. Held, Antonio Francisco Gentil Ferreira Junior, Carolina Carvalho Dias, Araceli Aparecida Hastreiter, Edson Naoto Makiyama, Edgar Julian Paredes-Gamero, Primavera Borelli, Ricardo Ambrósio Fock
Chromosome damage was assessed using the cytokinesis-block MN technique as previously described by Yang et al. (2005). For this assay, one day before irradiation, 8 × 104 and 4 × 104 cells were seeded in a well of a six-well companion plate and upon a coverslip of 22 mm (Globe Scientific) transwell insert respectively. The coverslips were placed in a transwell insert in order to establish the co-culture system when appropriate. After irradiation of the seed companion cell plates, the inserts containing the coverslips were put into them, and 5 h later cytochalasin B (Sigma Aldrich, USA) was added to the cultures to a final concentration of 1.5 μg/mL. After 72 h of incubation, the cells in both companion wells and coverslips in the inserts were fixed with methanol: acetic acid (3:1, v/v) overnight. After air drying, the coverslips were rehydrated with PBS and placed onto a slide with drop of a mounting medium containing DAPI (Vectashield; Vector Laboratories, USA), and then the coverslips were sealed and analyzed under a fluorescence microscope (Olympus BX51, Japan). At least 500 binucleate cells in at least 10 view fields were examined. Results are expressed as the percentage of micronucleated per binucleated cells.