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Discussions (D)
Published in Terence R. Anthoney, Neuroanatomy and the Neurologic Exam, 2017
In times past the corpus striatum has been defined to include not only the caudate and lenticular nuclei, but also the claustrum, the amygdala, and the dorsal thalamus (see the discussion of Semantic Conflict 1 under D: Basal ganglia for details). Authors of recent textbooks in neuroanatomy, however, almost universally include only the caudate and lenticular nuclei. There is at least one notable exception, however. On p. 211, Brodal (1981) states that “The term striate body or corpus striatum … covers the claustrum, caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus.” It should be noted, however, that on the next page a qualifying statement occurs: “The claustrum appears to be derived from the cerebral cortex of the insular region, and developmentally it therefore does not belong to the striate body in a restricted sense.”
Neuroimaging
Published in Sarah McWilliams, Practical Radiological Anatomy, 2011
These areas represent the area inside the sylvian fissure. The claustrum is also called the external capsule, and its territory is supplied by the middle cerebral artery. The syl-vian fissures are usually symmetrical and asymmetry or loss of visualization of the fissure may be the only clue to a subarachnoid haemorrhage or pathology (Fig. 1.21).
ENTRIES A–Z
Published in Philip Winn, Dictionary of Biological Psychology, 2003
The claustrum is composed of a thin sheet of neurons that sits between the CEREBRAL CORTEX and the CAUDATE-PUTAMEN, from which it is separated by the fibres of the EXTERNAL CAPSULE. At the most posterior end it is continuous with nuclei of the AMYGDALA. It has connections with parts of the FRONTAL CORTEX and may be involved in visual ATTENTION. By the strictest criteria, the claustrum can be considered part of the BASAL GANGLIA, though in practice it never is.
Cognitive interference processing in adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia using functional magnetic resonance imaging
Published in Acta Oncologica, 2022
Daniel Svärd, Eva Marie Erfurth, Robin Hellerstedt, Peter Mannfolk, Johan Mårtensson, Pia Sundgren, Cecilia Follin
Increased fMRI activity in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has been reported during the visual N-back task to assess working memory [14]. Another study reported increased fMRI activity in the hippocampus during an auditory cued recall memory task [11]. A third study reported increased fMRI activity in several areas, including the claustrum during a paradigm used to test episodic visual memory [15]. A positive correlation between intravenous methotrexate concentration during treatment and fMRI activity in the frontal and anterior cingulate cortices, the caudate nuclei, and the putamen has also been reported during the attention network test [16]. Another study reported a correlation between diagnosis at a younger age, as well as higher intravenous methotrexate concentration during treatment, and decreased fMRI activity in the parietal and temporal lobes during the continuous performance task and the attention network task to assess sustained attention, alerting, orienting, and conflict [17].
Effects of serotonin depletion and dopamine depletion on bimodal divided attention
Published in The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 2020
W. Königschulte, C. Civai, P. Hildebrand, T. J. Gaber, G. R. Fink, F. D. Zepf
To date, ATD has not been applied in experiments that utilized tasks of cross-modal divided attention. The neural substrates of cross-modal divided attention have been elucidated in a few functional imaging studies. Johnson and Zatorre (2005, 2006) demonstrated that dividing attention between auditory and visual events resulted in an activation of the dorsolateral PFC. In a subsequent experiment, the authors showed that the ability to split attention deteriorated when there was a temporary disruption of dorsolateral PFC functioning (achieved through the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation) (Johnson et al. 2007). An fMRI study using the same attentional task revealed that splitting attention between visual and auditory stimuli resulted in an activation of the left PFC and the cingulate cortex as well as decreased activation in sensory brain areas (Loose et al. 2003). A study conducted by Vohn et al. (2007) observed activation in the right PFC, the right parietal cortex and the right claustrum under a cross modal divided attention paradigm.
A diffusion weighted imaging study of basal ganglia in schizophrenia
Published in International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 2018
Giuseppe Delvecchio, Alessandro Pigoni, Cinzia Perlini, Marco Barillari, Amelia Versace, Mirella Ruggeri, A. Carlo Altamura, Marcella Bellani, Paolo Brambilla
The inferior axial ROI of the lenticular nucleus was traced in the same image of the inferior ROI of the caudate. The superior-medial boundary is the anterior limb and body of the internal capsule, the inferior-medial boundary is the posterior limb of the internal capsule and the lateral boundary is considered the claustrum (Figures 2(a) and 3(b)). The superior axial ROI was placed one image above the level considered for the first ROI. The superior-medial boundary is the anterior limb of the internal capsule, the inferior-medial boundary is the thalamus and the inferior-lateral boundary is tangential to the claustrum and the insula (Figures 2(b) and 3(b)).