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Calcium and Magnesium
Published in Luke R. Bucci, Nutrition Applied to Injury Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, 2020
Common sense dictates that the chief source of calcium in primitive man’s diet was probably bones from fish and other animals. Since bones have been a human dietary option for millennia, and a staple of carnivorous animals, it is not surprising to find that modem medicine has studied the effect of a diet enriched in bone on the health of damaged or diseased skeletal systems. Bones are a common byproduct of slaughterhouses, and it is relatively easy to collect and process bones into bone meal. One such product, named Ossopan®, from Robapharm, Switzerland, is derived from crushing of defatted, raw veal bones under cold temperatures to yield a form of bone meal sufficiently standardized to merit medical study. Ossopan has been administered as both powder and tablets. Presently, many similar products are available in the U.S. as dietary supplements.
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Published in Patrick Anderson, Autobiography of a Disease, 2017
She considered, in writing, the strange beauty of metaphor: moth-eaten, like lace; fir-tree, evoking snow and gifts and (best of all) the chocolate-covered cherries her family always ate; sun-bursts at the beach, in the form of urchins and anemones and, in minimalist mode, the fragile sand dollars she used to collect. She considered how metaphor works like a salve, softening the sting of diagnostic description; she wondered, what is this function, and where did it come from, and why use beauty as an antidote to fear? She tried to imagine other ways to explain the action of disintegrating bone: melting, evaporating, crumbling; “bone erodes,” she wrote, “washed away like a beach”; she briefly conceived of bone as architecture, as the hidden beams and screws that lay out and limit a space. She wrote the word itself, “bone,” seventeen different ways, stretching the boundaries of her handwriting to make it look other unto itself. She wrote it backwards then, and upside down, concentrating so as to get the letters right. She tried to think of synonyms for “bone” and, finding none, listed out words then conjoined it with something else. Bone-dry. Bone china. Bone meal.
The road to market implantable drug delivery systems: a review on US FDA’s regulatory framework and quality control requirements
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2018
Sana Al-Jawadi, Pier Capasso, Manisha Sharma
Micro and nano fabricated IDDSs and the ceramic drug delivery systems are categorized as atypical implantable systems (Dash and Cudworth 1998; Kleiner et al. 2014). The ceramic implants consist of ceramic composites like inorganic bone meal, aluminum calcium phosphorous oxides, hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate, or ceramic–metal hybrids that are pre-mounted with drugs (Dash and Cudworth 1998; Kleiner et al. 2014). The drugs can be antibiotics, proteins, polypeptides, steroids, amino acids or vaccines (Dash and Cudworth 1998; Kleiner et al. 2014). The composites themselves act as a mechanical support for drug delivery such as GEM 21STM implant which consists of beta tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) [Ca3 (PO4)] matrix with becaplermin growth hormone (rhPDGF-BB) used to repair periodontal defects (Dash and Cudworth 1998; Meng and Hoang 2012; Kleiner et al. 2014; FDA 2017d).
Mycotoxins and mycotoxigenic fungi in aquaculture and seafood: a review and new perspective
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
Adel Mirza Alizadeh, Amin Mousavi Khaneghah, Hedayat Hosseini
The findings of several studies indicate that fish feed is contaminated with a variety of mycotoxins. Nogueira et al. (2020) have shown that 93.3% of all aquaculture feed samples were contaminated with ZEA (322 µg/kg), AFB1 (16.5 µg/kg), and OTA (31.6 µg/kg) toxins. The bioaccessibility assay noted that 85% of the AFB1 toxin in the feed might be absorbed by fish (Nogueira et al. 2020). A separate study by Rokvić et al. (2020) on fish feed, which consisted mainly of a mixture of corn products, sunflower meal, soybeans products, wheat, and bone meal, revealed that the most common mycotoxins in the feed were OTA, FB1 + FB2 and AFB1 with contamination rates of 91.4%, 68.6%, and 48.6%, respectively (Rokvić et al. 2020).