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Conditions of the External Ear
Published in R James A England, Eamon Shamil, Rajeev Mathew, Manohar Bance, Pavol Surda, Jemy Jose, Omar Hilmi, Adam J Donne, Scott-Brown's Essential Otorhinolaryngology, 2022
Ayeshah Abdul-Hamid, Samuel MacKeith
Solid atresia consists of a continuous block of fibrosis from the TM. Membranous atresia is typified by a fibrous tissue that has a covering of canal skin on both sides, separating the ear canal into two segments. The medial segment inevitably collects keratin, which may become erosive. Stenosis may also cause this. Atresia may be caused by the following processes: InflammationChronic OEChronic otitis mediaTraumaBurnsSurgery especially involving a meatal approach
Congenital atresia and stenosis of the intestine
Published in Mark Davenport, James D. Geiger, Nigel J. Hall, Steven S. Rothenberg, Operative Pediatric Surgery, 2020
Sharon G. Cox, Alastair J.W. Millar, Alp Numanoglu
The etiology of some familial multiple atresia syndromes may be due to genetic mutations (TTC7A) and are associated with immune deficiency syndromes (MIA-SCID). These are typically multiple Type I atresias within the small intestine with the most proximal being a pyloric atresia. It is usually a fatal condition without small intestinal and bone marrow transplantation.
Otorhinolaryngology
Published in Stephan Strobel, Lewis Spitz, Stephen D. Marks, Great Ormond Street Handbook of Paediatrics, 2019
Chris Jephson, C. Martin Bailey
Neonates with bilateral choanal atresia will require a taped-in oral airway and orogastric feeding tube until surgical correction is undertaken, usually within the first week of life. Surgery for unilateral atresia is performed electively when the diagnosis is made, usually at an older age. The repair is usually undertaken via a transnasal approach under endoscopic control (Fig. 19.27), and the transpalatal approach has been largely abandoned. Stenting may be required for 6–8 weeks and subsequent dilatations are often necessary.
Sound localisation ability using cartilage conduction hearing aids in bilateral aural atresia
Published in International Journal of Audiology, 2020
Tadashi Nishimura, Hiroshi Hosoi, Osamu Saito, Ryota Shimokura, Toshiaki Yamanaka, Tadashi Kitahara
All participants were recruited from the previous clinical trial of the CC hearing aid (Nishimura et al. 2018). Thirteen participants (7 females; 6 males) with bilateral aural atresia were enrolled in the present study. The median age of participants was 14 years (range, 7–38 years). While the accurate thresholds are difficult to determine in bilateral aural atresia, the average air conduction (AC) and BC hearing levels at 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz in pure tone audiometry for the ear with better hearing were 65.9 ± 5.4 dB and 10.1 ± 7.1 dB, respectively. The experimental procedure was approved by the ethics committee of Nara Medical University (No. 09-KEN011). Participants provided written informed consent before being enrolled. If the age was <20 years, the participant’s parents provided consent.
Tracheal agenesis with esophageal atresia: an autopsy case report of a variant incompatible with life
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2020
Kritika Krishnamurthy, Jyotsna Kochiyil, Robert J. Poppiti
Esophageal atresias were first classified by Vogt into five subtypes in 1929, based on the location of the atresia and the presence of any associated fistula to the trachea. This classification was further modified by Gross in 1953. As of today, both these classifications are still relevant for medical and surgical management in these cases. The subtypes of congenital esophageal atresia are—(1) isolated esophageal atresia without TEF (Vogt II/Gross A, seen in 8% cases), (2) esophageal atresia with proximal TEF (Vogt III/Gross B, seen in 3% cases) (3) esophageal atresia with distal TEF (Vogt IIIb/Gross C, seen in 85% cases), (4) esophageal atresia with proximal and distal TEF (Vogt IIIa/Gross D, seen in <1% cases), and (5) TEF without atresia or H-type TEF (Gross E, seen in 4% cases) [11,12].
Bifurcation of the intratemporal facial nerve: A rare anatomical anomaly
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica Case Reports, 2018
Constantina Christou, Johan Wikström, Karin Strömbäck
Congenital aural atresia (CAA) is caused by the abnormal development of the first and second branchial arches [1]. As the absence of an external ear canal precludes fitting of conventional hearing aids, the hearing rehabilitation must be provided through surgical reconstruction of the ear canal and middle ear or implantation of a hearing implant. Since the atresiaplasty is associated with an abundance of complications such as restenosis and recurrent granulations of the reconstructed ear canal, different hearing implants such as bone conduction or active middle ear devices are used for hearing rehabilitation. One of the most important anatomical prerequisites for surgical repair is the position of the facial nerve, which may also influence on the application of hearing implants [2].