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Anatomy of the head and neck
Published in Helen Whitwell, Christopher Milroy, Daniel du Plessis, Forensic Neuropathology, 2021
The arachnoid layer is subdivided into a further three layers. The arachnoid membrane covers the brain and serves to smooth out the underlying gyri and sulci. This is underlaid by an epithelial layer, and the cells and fibres of the arachnoid trabeculae that cross the subarachnoid space, giving it the appearance of a spider web. These trabeculae join the arachnoid to the underlying pia mater, the deepest brain layer. All nerves and vessels passing into or out from the brain must traverse the subarachnoid space, which is filled with CSF.
Neuroimaging in concussion
Published in Brian Sindelar, Julian E. Bailes, Sports-Related Concussion, 2017
Matthew T. Walker, Monther Qandeel
Subdural hemorrhage is blood localized to the potential space between the leptomeninges and the dura as a result of shearing of bridging veins between the cortex and dura, (Figures 4.5 and 4.9). These bridging veins are relatively fixed at the adjacent sinus or dura and cannot move to the same extent as the brain does, especially during a rotational movement. These veins are ensheathed with arachnoid trabeculae as they traverse the subarachnoid space but not in the subdural space and that is why the hemorrhage preferentially localizes to this space.9 Other CT findings associated with mTBI include epidural hematomas as well as skull fractures, which is further discussed in Chapter 4.
Modelling of intracranial behaviour on occiput impact in judo
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2019
Ryutaro Suzuki, Masaki Omiya, Hiroaki Hoshino, Takeshi Kamitani, Yusuke Miyazaki
The arachnoid trabeculae have spider-like intracranial structures. The arachnoid trabeculae are stretched over the entire subarachnoid space, and it may have great influence on the rotational behaviour of the brain. Therefore, we modelled it as a torsional spring and damper around one axis of rotation at the centre of gravity of the brain. The spring constant of the torsional spring was assumed to be 407 N mm/rad, based on reference (Jin et al. 2011). The damping coefficient of the damper element was set to 1.0 N mms/rad, which was calibrated from the cadaver experimental results.
Clinical manifestation, management and prognosis of clear cell meningioma: an evidence-based review
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2023
Masum Rahman, Priyata Dutta, Preeti Agarwala, Samar Ikram, Eram Ahsan, Md Manjurul Islam Shourav, Cecile Riviere-cazaux, Amro Abuleil, Aprajita Milind Bhorkar, Rezaur Rahman Reza, Abu Bakar Siddik
Meningiomas are classical intracranial and intraspinal tumors that arise from arachnoid cap cells and/or arachnoid trabeculae. As per the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification for brain tumors, meningiomas are divided into three categories and fifteen subtypes [1, 2]. Clear cell meningioma (CCM) is a rare, clinically aggressive variant of meningioma with a higher risk of metastasis and a reported recurrence rate of 60% compared to its conventional counterpart. CCM was presented in 1990 by Manivel and Sung [3] for the first time and was then classified as World Health Organization (WHO) grade II tumor in the nervous system [1]. Histologically, it closely resembles meningothelial (syncytial) meningiomas, the exception being that CCMs have a vacuolated cytoplasm, hence the moniker ‘clear’. CCM tends to present in younger patients and represents a therapeutic challenge because of the propensity of CCM to recur and metastasize [4–6]. Because of the aggressive nature of CCM, the tumor must be distinguished from other varieties of meningioma. The clinical and radiologic features, management and clinical outcome of CCMs remain ill-defined. Given the rarity of this tumor type, data regarding the treatment strategy, prognostic factors and survival are limited in the literature. Moreover, patients with CCMs could undergo a recurrence or metastasis in a short time (<6 months) even when treated with gross total resection (GTR) [6, 7]. In addition, the role of postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) for patients with CCM remains controversial. Thus, the best treatment approach for CCM remains elusive. A recent study analyzing the epidemiology and outcome of CCMs using surveillance, epidemiology, reports that out of 358 patients diagnosed with CCMs between 2004 and 2016, the most popular therapeutic modality of treatment was surgical resection in 342 individuals; the majority of the patients had partial resection, some of them had a GTR [8]. We intend to highlight the natural history, radiographic features, histological features and treatment methods in order to direct the best possible individualized care for the best possible outcome.