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Surface anthropometry
Published in R. C. Richard Davison, Paul M. Smith, James Hopker, Michael J. Price, Florentina Hettinga, Garry Tew, Lindsay Bottoms, Sport and Exercise Physiology Testing Guidelines: Volume II – Exercise and Clinical Testing, 2022
Anthropometry is defined as ‘measurement of the human body’. Surface anthropometry may therefore be defined as the science of acquiring and utilising surface dimensional measurements which describe the human phenotype. Measurements of mass, stature, skeletal breadths, segment lengths, girths and skinfolds are used, either as raw data or derived ratios or predicted values to describe human size, proportions, shape, composition and symmetry, or to infer aspects of nutritional status or physical performance. Historically, anthropometry draws from diverse disciplines including anatomy, physiology, nutrition and medicine, and the multiplicity of methodologies which prevail may cause some confusion for the exercise scientist in practice today, and impact the comparability of data. The current definitive guide for all anthropometric procedures is the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK) standards manual (Esparza-Ros et al., 2019). The purpose of this chapter is to summarise key principles and methods for measuring stature, mass and the most commonly used skinfolds and girths.
Surface anthropometry
Published in R. C. Richard Davison, Paul M. Smith, James Hopker, Michael J. Price, Florentina Hettinga, Garry Tew, Lindsay Bottoms, Sport and Exercise Physiology Testing Guidelines: Volume I – Sport Testing, 2022
Anthropometry is defined as ‘measurement of the human body’. Surface anthropometry may therefore be defined as the science of acquiring and utilising surface dimensional measurements which describe the human phenotype. Measurements of mass, stature, skeletal breadths, segment lengths, girths and skinfolds are used, either as raw data or derived ratios or predicted values to describe human size, proportions, shape, composition and symmetry, or to infer aspects of nutritional status or physical performance. Historically, anthropometry draws from diverse disciplines, including anatomy, physiology, nutrition and medicine, and the multiplicity of methodologies which prevail may cause some confusion for the exercise scientist in practice today and impact upon the comparability of data. The current definitive guide for all anthropometric procedures is the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK) standards manual (Esparza-Ros et al., 2019). The purpose of this chapter is to summarise key principles and methods for measuring stature and mass and the most commonly used skinfolds and girths.
Care of the Premature and Ill Neonate
Published in Praveen S. Goday, Cassandra L. S. Walia, Pediatric Nutrition for Dietitians, 2022
Ting Ting Fu, Kera McNelis, Carrie Smith, Jae H. Kim
The importance of accurate anthropometric measurements cannot be overstated. Although weight should be measured daily, weight gain velocity should not be calculated over periods shorter than 5–7 days as too short of a time period can under- or overestimate growth. Length measurement is most accurate with use of a recumbent length board and two examiners (Chapter 1). Head circumference should be measured with non-stretchable tape over the widest part of the infant’s skull (Chapter 1). Head circumference should be repeated 24 hours after birth as skull molding and swelling related to labor and delivery can distort this measurement. Length and head circumference should be assessed weekly during hospitalization.
Feasibility study on the use of the modified Finnish Diabetes Risk Score in South African context: a case of home-based carers
Published in Journal of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa, 2023
TM Mothiba, MH Mphasha, TT Molepo, H Bastiaens, J Wens
All participants (100%) in this study were found to be moderately competent with regard to use of the FINDRISC biographical data component, particularly the ability to ask patients their age. Biographical data such as age, income and educational status have been found to influence quality of life of individuals with or without diseases; however, this is more critical in disease management.32 With regard to use of anthropometric measurements, 75% of participants were found to be moderately competent in weighing of patients using a scale and 81% incompetent in measuring BMI of patients. Moreover, 94% were incompetent in measuring the waist circumference of patients. The incompetence in calculation of BMI could be attributed to required knowledge on weighing the patient accurately using a BMI wheel. Similarly, knowledge is required in measuring waist circumference. Other factors such as posture of the subjects, phase of respiration, abdominal tension and the influence of the stomach content at the time of measurement have been considered for accuracy when assessing the HBCs.33 Anthropometry in adults provides valuable assessment of nutritional and health status and future disease risk or comorbidity, and in the diagnosis of obesity.34,35
The Effects of Zinc and Selenium Supplementation on Body Composition and Thyroid Function in Individuals with Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2023
Antonis Zavros, Christoforos D. Giannaki, George Aphamis, Zoe Roupa, Eleni Andreou
Types of participants: Overweight or obese human individuals (BMI ≥25 kg/m2).Types of studies: Randomized controlled trials.Types of interventions: Any dose of Zn, Se supplementation or their combination. Studies where Se or Zn supplementation were combined with other micronutrients were excluded.Types of outcome measures: Body composition measurements and thyroid function (TSH, FT3, FT4). For the purpose of this review, body composition assessment methods were separated to direct (densitometry, computed X-ray tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and indirect (anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance analysis) (67). Although both direct and indirect measurements have their limitations (68), indirect methods generally have higher predictive errors than direct methods (67, 69). Categorizing body composition measurements as direct and indirect has been previously used in another systematic review (44). The main difference of the present systematic review is that bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was considered an indirect method.Results were limited to studies published in journals in English, while book chapters, review papers, and animal studies were excluded.
Increased Risk of Hypertension in Alcohol Use Disorder of alcohol-related Liver disease-A Hospital Based Case Control Study
Published in Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 2023
Prabhudas Nelaturi, Sangeetha P Kademani, Vithiavathi Siva Subramanian, Sambandam Ravikumar
All examinations were conducted in the department of general medicine at Aarupadai Veedu Medical College and Hospital. Clinical evaluation was performed, including age, gender, socioeconomic status (wealth), other etiologies, history of chronic diseases, medication use and history of substance abuse (i.e., tobacco, alcohol). The data was collected using a standardized, self-administered questionnaire. Participants were asked about the frequency of intake of alcohol per day was calculated by observing the frequency. Extreme alcohol consumption was ≥30 g/d for men; used this endpoint to differentiate between ALD and NAFLD patients. Baseline characteristics include blood pressure (BP), systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein. Anthropometric measurements include height, weight, body mass index (BMI), abdominal girth and waist-hip ratio. Overweight or obesity BMI ≥25 kg/m2, this value can be considered for diagnosing obesity in Puducherry. When systolic BP ≥140 mm Hg, diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg was considered hypertensive. Hypertension was categorized into three stages based on increased BP mild, moderate and severe(Iqbal & Jamal, 2022).