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Machine Learning in Radio Imaging
Published in Punit Gupta, Dinesh Kumar Saini, Rohit Verma, Healthcare Solutions Using Machine Learning and Informatics, 2023
Nitesh Pradhan, Punit Gupta, Anita Shrotriya
P. Gamage et al. proposed a technique for the 3-D remaking of a patient-specific bone model from 2-D radiographs [16]. They extracted the edge points from 2-D X-ray images to determine the boundary of the femur. Then they applied a non-rigid registration between the edges recognized in the radiograph. They projected the contours point of the genetic model. The translational field then distinguishes the deformation required by the 3-D anatomical model in the anterior and lateral viewpoint. In the final step, an entire 3-D translational field is developed through a thin plate spline (TPS) based on insertion and the 3-D generic anatomical data. The TPS technique does not include surface patches in a calculation that gives robust results. On the other hand, if the data size is too large, there is an issue with edge points.
Interpreting Radiology
Published in R. Annie Gough, Injury Illustrated, 2020
Nowadays, most medical illustrators know how to create 3D models from radiology. The medical illustrator or animator can rotate the 3D model to visualize exact positioning of anatomy. For instance, fractured bones can be rotated to establish the displacement of fragments. These 3D models are ideal to sketch over for a 2D illustration exhibit. The 3D model files are also ideal to export into 3D animation software. The 3D model is created from the client's exact radiology data file, meaning the resulting anatomical model can be admitted as evidence. Please note that the resulting 3D model is only as good as the original scan data. If the hospital CT was of poor quality, the 3D model will also be of poor quality. If there is bad radiology data, a medical animator can model in the missing anatomy, adding quality, which takes time, expertise, and cost. Sometimes we get excellent high resolution radiology data, and these 3D models result in great visuals.
De Fabrica Humani Corporis—Fascia as the Fabric of the Body
Published in David Lesondak, Angeli Maun Akey, Fascia, Function, and Medical Applications, 2020
The traditional approach of the anatomist has led to the idea that around a joint there exists a connective tissue construct called a capsule, as well as ligaments, that preserves the continuity between the skeletal elements. In this model the ligaments are passive collagenous connective tissue elements whose fibers are supposed to run from bone to bone, providing stability during movement only in certain positions of the joint. But is this anatomical model correct?
Rapid SAR optimization for hyperthermic oncology: combining multi-goal optimization and time-multiplexed steering for hotspot suppression
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2022
Redi Poni, Esra Neufeld, Myles Capstick, Stephan Bodis, Niels Kuster
To assess the potential of the new optimization scheme, the same simulation scenarios were used as in [16] – a study that investigates a modular applicator concept and compares it with traditional ring applications. The setup comprises a detailed anatomical model from the Virtual Population (ViP) [17]. An irregular shaped 39 cm3 tumor was placed in the bladder, cervix, or pelvic bone as heating target for the modular applicator. For the bladder tumor case, simulations were conducted in the Duke ViP anatomical model; for the pelvic bone and cervical tumor cases, the Ella ViP model was used. Five applicator elements were positioned, using the procedure from [16], which selects placements that maximize energy delivery efficiency to the tumor. The positioning of the modular applicator elements for the three tumor cases is shown in Figure 1. Each element features a bow-tie antenna next to an EM-guiding water-bolus, which is in direct contact with the skin (similar to [18,19]). The water bolus is modeled as cuboid that penetrates the body model, but the voxeling properties ensure that the body model always received priority. As a result, the water-bolus is modeled as being in perfect contact with the body, which might be difficult to achieve in clinical practice, however in [18] a similar water bolus arrangement was used in practice with no significant problems being encountered.
Stress distribution is susceptible to the angle of the osteotomy in the high oblique sagittal osteotomy (HOSO): biomechanical evaluation using finite element analyses
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2021
Herrera-Vizcaíno Carlos, Baselga Lahoz Marta, Pelliccioni Monrroy Orlando, Udeabor E Samuel, Robert Sader, Lukas Benedikt Seifert
The main challenge posed by the HOSO technique is to find the adequacy of the superficial contact between the bone segments to achieve an acceptable consolidation and, at the same time, maintaining a safe distance from the IAN (Kaduk et al. 2012; Kuehle et al. 2016). Due to the use of different types of fixations, the analysis of the biomechanical consequences having as bases the same anatomical model is difficult to quantify in vivo (Daas et al. 2008). A frequent method to evaluate the mechanical response relative to the different types of fixations is the simulation by the finite element analysis (FEA) method. Despite the difficulty of reproducing the dynamic and mechanical conditions of the mandibular complex, some authors (Erkmen et al. 2005; Oguz et al. 2009; Borie et al. 2015; Herrera-Vizcaíno et al. 2016; Möhlhenrich et al. 2016; Stringhini et al. 2016) have developed three-dimensional scenarios for simulation with an acceptable approximation to the natural event (Kober et al. 2000a, 2000b). In regard to the HOSO, a recent study evaluated the least amount of material to ensure bone stability in an immediate postoperative scenario (Herrera-Vizcaíno et al. 2016).
Demonstration of treatment planning software for hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in a rat model
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2021
Daan R. Löke, Roxan F. C. P. A. Helderman, Hans M. Rodermond, Pieter J. Tanis, Geert J. Streekstra, Nicolaas A. P. Franken, Arlene L. Oei, Johannes Crezee, H. Petra Kok
The software was developed within the open source C++ Open-Foam software package [27]. First, the geometry used for designing the anatomical model will be discussed. Then, the numerical methods used to solve the CFD equations are outlined. For an elaboration on the CFD equations, we refer to Löke et al. [26]. The heat module and chemotherapy module are extensions to the previously published description of the software and are discussed in more detail. We continue by discussing the boundary conditions and their physical interpretations followed by the treatment setup, considering the variation of the number and placement of catheters, flow alternations and flow rates. After introducing the definition of an effective dose, we conclude the material and methods section by discussing the use of a temperature independent density and the assumption of laminar flow.