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Gene Therapy in Oral Tissue Regeneration
Published in Vincenzo Guarino, Marco Antonio Alvarez-Pérez, Current Advances in Oral and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering, 2020
Fernando Suaste, Patricia González-Alva, Alejandro Luis, Osmar Alejandro
Enamel Matrix Derivative (EMD) is derived from embryonic enamel matrix. Moreover, amelogenis compose the significant fraction of the enamel matrix proteins, this protein family is hydrophobic proteins that account for more than 90% of the organic constituent of the enamel matrix (Venezia et al. 2004). Ameloblastin, MMP-20 and EMSP1 are also part of the enamel matrix proteins. The enamel matrix proteins have been purified and the cDNA cloned for developing porcine teeth and are known as EMD.
Mechanisms of Fibril Formation and Cellular Response
Published in Martha Skinner, John L. Berk, Lawreen H. Connors, David C. Seldin, XIth International Symposium on Amyloidosis, 2007
Martha Skinner, John L. Berk, Lawreen H. Connors, David C. Seldin
Passage of the reduced/alkylated amyloid extracts through reverse-phase HPLC columns yielded, in each case, a major protein peak eluting at an acetonitrile concentration of -30–15% (Figure 1). After trypsin digestion, MS/MS analyses of the resultant peptides revealed, in all 3 instances, an ~55-residue component corresponding to the N-terminal portion of ameloblastin (Figure 2). In contrast to the human cases of CEOT, no ODAM-related peptides were detected. Based on our findings we provisionally designate this form of amyloid as AAmel.
Association between age at asthma diagnosis and tooth loss
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2018
Hyungkil Choi, Kwang-Hak Bae, Jeong-Woo Lee
This study has some limitations. Asthma is diagnosed according to various criteria; however, in this study, we did not apply a subdivision based on the specific diagnosis category of asthma. Previous studies have shown little difference in the risk of caries development based on the type of medication used for treating asthma. Decrease in saliva secretion and changes in composition have been reported as the main causes of increased risk of caries development. However, this study did not consider the variables associated with the use of other types of asthma medications [15]. Recent studies have suggested that the genetic variation in ameloblastin is associated with caries in asthmatic children, but this was not considered in this study [35].
Exosomes as secondary inductive signals involved in kidney organogenesis
Published in Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, 2018
Mirja Krause, Aleksandra Rak-Raszewska, Florence Naillat, Ulla Saarela, Christina Schmidt, Veli-Pekka Ronkainen, Geneviève Bart, Seppo Ylä-Herttuala, Seppo J. Vainio
Even though the putative role of EVs in processes ongoing in healthy cells such as during organ development remains in most aspects ambiguous, it is emerging that EVs influence many of the key signalling pathways involved in development [1]. Important signalling molecules such as several Wnts and Notch2 were found to be associated with EVs (summarized in [4]). Gradilla and co-workers showed that the transport of the morphogen hedgehog (Hh) is important for proper spatially restricted signalling during development [5]. The involvement of EVs in the developmental signalling was recently reviewed [6]. EVs secreted by cells present in a mature kidney were identified by studying urine samples. It is known that proteins found in human urinary exosomes are specific to or enriched in given regions of the kidney [7]. Currently available data indicate that EVs may be involved in organogenesis and that kidney-derived vesicles may also impact cells of certain other organs [8]. Very recently, the involvement of exosomes secreted by the epithelium and mesenchyme of a developing tooth were shown to diffuse through the basement membrane and regulate cell differentiation and matrix synthesis. The epithelial exosomes induce mesenchymal cells to produce dentin sialoprotein, and the mesenchymal exosomes lead to the secretion of ameloblastin and amelogenenin by the epithelial cells [9], processes essential for tooth development. There are, however, no data available on vesicles derived from healthy and/or embryonic kidney cells. Therefore, the putative ontogenesis roles of normal kidney-derived vesicles remain poorly understood. Kidney morphogenesis starts with the ureteric bud (UB) outgrowth from the Wolffian duct towards the MM. The MM secretes glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) towards the UB, promoting its survival and growth via its c-Ret receptor. Once the UB reaches the MM, the MM cells return survival signals such as BMP7 and FGF2 [10,11]. Indeed, without the reciprocal inductive signalling between the UB and the MM, the MM undergoes programmed cell death via apoptosis [10,11].