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Epidemiology of Adult Obesity
Published in James M. Rippe, Lifestyle Medicine, 2019
R. Sue, Nattinee Jitnarin, Michelle L. Vidoni, Christopher M. Kaipust, Austin L. Brown
An air-displacement plethysmography was developed to be an alternative to h ydrodensitometry. This method has a similar principle to underwater weighing, but it determines body volume by measuring the changes of chamber volume caused by placing an individual in a closed, air-filled chamber.11,16 Adequate corrections for temperature and gas composition, as well as lung volume, are required before calculating body volume. Several studies reported the plethysmographic method demonstrated good agreement with the UWW techniques.17–19 However, since both of these methods are 2-C models neither is more accurate than the other, making conclusions difficult. The absolute differences between the Bod Pod, the commercially available method of air-displacement plethysmography, and UWW were about 1% body fat and were not consistent in any direction.20 Studies have demonstrated high agreement (0.91–0.94)20–22 between the Bod Pod, which uses a 2-C model, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for estimating body fat. In one study of 160 men the mean difference in body fatness (2.2%) between methods was significant and increased as body fat increased.20 Advantages of the air-displacement plethysmography technique include less stress for the individual because there is no immersion in water, ease of operation, and low cost for testing.19,23 The technique, however, may be a problem for those who are claustrophobic.
Gestational Weight Gain and Body Composition in Pregnant and Postpartum Women
Published in Crystal D. Karakochuk, Kyly C. Whitfield, Tim J. Green, Klaus Kraemer, The Biology of the First 1,000 Days, 2017
The assessment of body volume and body density, that is, body weight per body volume, is very important in body composition methodology. Estimates of body density are often used to assess body fat based on a two-component model [19], if the densities of body fat and fat-free mass are known. For fat, this figure is considered to be 0.9007, with little variation, while the figure for fat-free mass decreases during pregnancy as a consequence of the body water retention associated with this condition. Previously, body volume and density were estimated using underwater weighing, but air displacement plethysmography is presently more commonly applied [19]. A specific device, the Bod Pod™, can be used for this purpose and is commercially available. Air displacement plethysmography is applicable in pregnant women if performed in an appropriate way [20]. For example, this technique requires information about the thoracic gas volume of the subject at the time of testing. The procedure to estimate this volume is, however, quite demanding, and many subjects are unable to produce an acceptable value. Henriksson et al. [21] demonstrated that equations to predict thoracic gas volume from age and height and developed for nonpregnant women resulted in only a minor error in the estimate of body fat when applied in women in gestational week 32. Marshall et al. [15] have also presented data demonstrating the usefulness of air displacement plethysmography when assessing body composition during pregnancy.
Body Composition Changes with Training Methodological Implications
Published in Henry C. Lukaski, Body Composition, 2017
Luís B. Sardinha, Diana A. Santos
The methods most commonly used by sports professional are skinfold (SKF) thickness, whether it is to convert to %FM or to use the sum of several sites. The use of dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is more commonly reported for international-level athletes, and particularly in weight-sensitive sports; the other methods are equally used among different competitive levels. Bioimpedance analysis (BIA) is also often chosen by professionals, particularly in Europe. Air-displacement plethysmography and underwater weighting are also among the most frequently used body composition methods.
BMI and inverted BMI as predictors of fat mass in young people: a comparison across the ages
Published in Annals of Human Biology, 2020
Gabriele Ceccarelli, Massimo Bellato, Matteo Zago, Gabriella Cusella, Chiarella Sforza, Nicola Lovecchio
The BMI equation remains a good predictor for primary surveillance considering also that the estimation of body composition using more complex instruments is not free from limitations. For instance, FM percentage measurement by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry is associated with a moderate level of radiation and is expensive (Vanderwall et al. 2017; Wang et al. 2010; Weber et al. 2013). MRI could be employed to define the body composition profile as well, but it is expensive and it requires a combination of rapid scanning protocols and efficient image analysis tools (Borga et al. 2018), a condition that undermines/nullifies the quest for simple and quick assessment procedures. Air displacement plethysmography has been validated to evaluate changes in adiposity in children by measuring FM and %FM (Pereira-da-Silva et al. 2016), but it cannot be employed for wide-scale screening studies.
Distinct Effects of Repeated-Sprint Training in Normobaric Hypoxia and β-Alanine Supplementation
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2019
Ran Wang, David H. Fukuda, Jay R. Hoffman, Michael B. La Monica, Tristan M. Starling, Jeffrey R. Stout, Jie Kang, Yang Hu
Anthropometric measurements for all participants were conducted in the following sequence: height, body mass, and body composition. Height (±0.1 cm) was determined using a calibrated medical scale (Health o Meter Professional Model 500 KL, Pelstar, Alsip, IL) with the participants standing barefoot, with feet together, in their normal daily attire. Body mass (±0.1 kg) and body composition were determined using air displacement plethysmography. Participants undressed down to their undergarments, removed their footwear, including socks, put on a swim cap provided, and sat in the device (BOD POD, COSMED, Rome, Italy) for measurement to determine body composition. Values for body fat percentage were recorded.
Effects of intensity-matched exercise at different intensities on inflammatory responses in able-bodied and spinal cord injured individuals
Published in The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2021
Eduardo da Silva Alves, Ronaldo Vagner Thomatiele dos Santos, Fábio Santos de Lira, Alexandre Aparecido Almeida, Kate Edwards, Mateus Benvenutti, Sergio Tufik, Marco Túlio De Mello
Body composition was assessed via the air-displacement plethysmography method using the BOD POD® equipment (COSMED, Rome, Italy) and the analysis was performed as described with details by Lemos et al. (2016).28 The equipment was calibrated before each test, and all participants were asked to remove any excess clothing and to be measured while preferably wearing swimsuits. After that, volunteers entered the test chamber to measure body density. The BOD POD® calculates the volunteer’s body density and then uses the Siri’ formula (1961) to calculate their body fat percentage.29