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Paediatric Rhinosinusitis and its Complications
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Christopher P Aldren, Doris-Eva Bamiou, Raymond W Clarke, Richard M Irving, Haytham Kubba, Shakeel R Saeed, Paediatrics, The Ear, Skull Base, 2018
The role of the adenoids in the pathogenesis of paediatric rhinosinusitis remains uncertain, but adenoidectomy is known to improve symptoms in at least half of young children with CRS.2 Whether the most important factor is the presence of the adenoids per se, their size or related bacterial colonization and inflammation (adenoiditis) is unclear, but there is likely to be a degree of heterogeneity in this context among young children with CRS. Nasal obstruction, snoring and hyponasal speech occur more often in children with adenoid hypertrophy while symptoms of rhinorrhoea, cough, headache, signs of mouth breathing, and abnormalities on anterior rhinoscopy occur as frequently in children with chronic rhinosinusitis as in children with adenoid hypertrophy.164 In one study, antibiotic-resistant bacteria were found on culture of adenoid tissue in 56% of children undergoing adenoidectomy for hypertrophy plus otitis media with effusion and CRS, compared to 22% undergoing adenoidectomy purely for hypertrophy without those complications.165 In another study, no significant correlation was found between the size of the adenoid and the presence of purulent secretions in the middle meatus on fibreoptic examination in 420 children aged 1–7 years. There was, however, a very significant correlation between the size of the adenoid and the complaints of mouth breathing and snoring.166
Sleep Apnea in Children History and Physical Exam
Published in Mark A. Richardson, Norman R. Friedman, Clinician’s Guide to Pediatric Sleep Disorders, 2016
Adenoids are best examined in this fashion and can be easily seen obstructing the choanae of the nasal cavity if they do contribute to nasal or nasopharyngeal obstruction. A lateral nasopharyngeal radiograph may also suggest adenoid hypertrophy.
Autoinflation compared to ventilation tubes for treating chronic otitis media with effusion
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2022
Armin B. Moniri, João Lino, Luaay Aziz, Richard M. Rosenfeld
VT surgery in children may be associated with complications and recurrence of disease [6]. In the present study no complications were observed in the autoinflation group. In the grommet group only, surgical complications were taken into account and the follow-up period was limited to 12 months, nevertheless adverse effects were reported in approximately 1/3 of the operated children. These children were subjected to further follow-up, and some must undergo new surgeries. Nine (20%) children in the autoinflation group were submitted to grommet surgery due to treatment failure or recurrence of OME during the follow-up time of 12 months. Eleven (25%) children in the autoinflation group were in the waiting list for adjuvant adenotonsillar surgery. Although most children in the waiting list for surgery undergo treatment with nasal corticosteroids for adenoid hypertrophy [17], our clinical impression indicate that symptomatic adenoid and/or tonsil hypertrophy may influence treatment success in autoinflation.
Serologic false-positive reactions for syphilis in children of adenoidal hypertrophy:2 case reports and review of the literature
Published in Acta Clinica Belgica, 2021
Wei Wang, Xuzhou Fan, Xuelian Huang, Jingmei Yan, Jianfeng Luan
Adenoids, also known as pharyngeal tonsils, are located in the posterior wall of the nasopharynx and are part of the pharyngeal lymphatic ring. They are also the body’s immune organs. Lymphocytes in various stages are generated in adenoids. Adenoids consist of dedicated lymphoepithelial tissue and are composed of epithelial cells, lymphocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells [9–11]. So adenoids play a role in humoral immunity and cellular immunity. If it continues to enlarge for some reason, it will affect the role as adjacent organs, even imposing threats to physical health. This pathological phenomenon is called adenoid hypertrophy(AH).It is generally believed that adenoids are physiological hypertrophy: they gradually increase during the first two years after birth, come to a climax at age 6 or 7, gradually shrink after about age 10, and often practically disappear at puberty [12].Usually local immune dysfunction in patients with AH, leading to sustained release of inflammatory mediators and dysfunctions the release of large amounts of immune substances [13].However, TP-EIA is susceptible to cross-reactivity due to interference from some immune substances. Thus it will produce false positive results. In the reports of the two cases, we are concerned about the increase in the levels of IgG and IgE substances in the body, which is consistent with previous reports. These substances may be associated with a positive reaction detected by TP-EIA.
Sleep quality in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorders
Published in Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 2021
Dilşad Yıldız Miniksar, Mikail Özdemir
The rate of poor sleep quality was significantly more common in the OCD group compared with controls (76.67% vs. 6.67%). One of the two subjects with poor sleep quality in the control group had adenoid hypertrophy. There was no significant association between sleep quality and age or gender. The presence of poor sleep quality was more common in patients with a somatic disorder. Among these six patients, two had adenoid hypertrophy, three had septum deviation, and one had atopic dermatitis. The remaining two patients (one patient with OCD had alopecia areata, and the other was in the healthy control group and had adenoid hypertrophy) had a good sleep quality. There was no significant association between OCD severity and sleep quality (Table 4). Besides, among the components of PSQI, ‘sleep duration’ was significantly worse in patients with extreme OCD (median:1.00) compared with those with moderate (median:0.00) or severe OCD (median:0.00) (p:0.08).