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Published in Terence R. Anthoney, Neuroanatomy and the Neurologic Exam, 2017
As a final major variation, several authors—primarily of texts in clinical neuroscience (e.g., DeJ, p. 241; Marg, p. 294–295; Rowl, p. 326; Bann, p. 83–84), though also of texts in basic neuroanatomy (ε.g., Chus, p. 130 [Fig. 6–19]; Rom-S, p. 253–254) —describe both cranial and spinal roots for the eleventh cranial nerve, but consider only the cranial root to be the “accessory” portion of the nerve—that is to say, accessory to the vagus nerve. This is confusing, since the nucleus giving rise to the spinal root is sometimes called the accessory nucleus (e.g., Brod, p. 457–458; see SS: Accessory nucleus for other synonyms).
Impact of Retinal Stimulation on Neuromodulation
Published in Yu Chen, Babak Kateb, Neurophotonics and Brain Mapping, 2017
The Edinger–Westphal nucleus is an accessory nucleus of the oculomotor nerve and receives input for pupillary constriction from external light. This nucleus also receives internal information from the olivary pretectal nuclei, which also receive signals from a subtype of the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion (ipRGC) cells. The olivary pretectal nuclei are involved in linking internal metabolism with external luminance—through the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus and intergeniculate leaflet (IGL) of the thalamus (Ishikawa 2013).
Shame: An Acute Stress Response to Interpersonal Traumatization
Published in Psychiatry, 2020
Schore (1994) proposed that by the end of the first year the infant already has mental representations of prototypical expressions of his mother’s face. Citing studies by Leonard and colleagues (1985), Rolls (2000) noted that the accessory nucleus of the amygdala is the part which receives inputs from the temporal cortical visual areas in which populations of neurons respond to the identity of faces and to facial expression. He added that some visual neurons in the primate orbitofrontal cortex respond to the sight of faces, and are probably involved in learning which emotional responses are currently appropriate to particular individuals, in keeping track of the reinforcers received from each individual, and in making appropriate emotional responses given the facial expression.
Cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in patients with the first episode of posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo before and after repositioning
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2021
Gülsüm Saruhan, Ahmet Gökçay, Figen Gökçay, Neşe Çelebisoy
Cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs) has first been described by Colebatch and Halmagyi [8]. They are high-level acoustic stimuli (tone-burst, click) evoked muscle reflexes recorded from the sternocleidomastoid muscle. They are thought to originate from the saccule, proceed along the inferior vestibular nerve, vestibular nucleus, and medial vestibulospinal tractus to the accessory nucleus [9]. The cVEMPs are used to assess the sacculo-collic pathways and several studies are present using cVEMPs in diseases of both the peripheral and central vestibular system [10].
Adam Politzer (1835-1920) and the cochlear nucleus
Published in Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 2021
Albert Mudry, John Riddington Young
Despite his muddled attempts, the dual structure slowly became accepted. In 1897 Foster used the term cochlear nucleus (nucleus cochlearis – nuclei cochleares) to describe the “two bodies in fact, the accessory nucleus and the tuberculum acusticum, form together the ending or nucleus of the cochlear root, and might be called the ‘cochlear nucleus’” (Foster 1897, 1032).