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Rhinosinusitis and Lacrimal Disorders
Published in R James A England, Eamon Shamil, Rajeev Mathew, Manohar Bance, Pavol Surda, Jemy Jose, Omar Hilmi, Adam J Donne, Scott-Brown's Essential Otorhinolaryngology, 2022
Figure 102.1 shows the anatomy of the pediatric lacrimal system. The lacrimal glands, accessory lacrimal glands, Meibomian glands, and goblet cells secrete tear film, which is drained via lacrimal puncta, canaliculi, the lacrimal sac, and the nasolacrimal duct sequentially to the inferior nasal meatus (Hasner's valve).
Comparative Anatomy and Physiology of the Mammalian Eye
Published in David W. Hobson, Dermal and Ocular Toxicology, 2020
The lacrimal apparatus includes the lacrimal gland, the gland of the third eyelid, Harders gland when present, accessory lacrimal glands, goblet cells, meibomian glands, and the drainage apparatus. These glands secrete the precorneal tear film. The precorneal tear film serves to maintain an optically uniform ocular surface, is a source of corneal oxygen and a small percent of corneal glucose, provides lubrication, maintains corneal hydration, contains antibacterial lysozyme, and aids in the mechanical removal of debris. Once formed, tears must be removed and this is achieved by the movement of the eyelids in the act of blinking, which close from lateral to medial, displacing the tears toward the lacrimal drainage apparatus. The drainage system consists of the upper and lower puncta, at the medial canthus, the upper and lower canaliculi into which they drain, the nasolacrimal sac where the canaliculi meet, and the nasolacrimal duct proper which drains into the nasal passage in most animals. Exceptions to this include the rabbit and the pig, which possess a single punctum in the lower and upper eyelids. Although the majority of tears leave via the nasolacrimal system, 10 to 25% are lost through evaporation.174
Head and neck
Published in Tor Wo Chiu, Stone’s Plastic Surgery Facts, 2018
Secretomotor fibres come from superior salivary nucleus that travels through the pterygoid canal to relay in the pterygopalatine ganglion and travels in the zygomatic nerve (CN V2), and then joins to the lacrimal branch of CN V1. Accessory lacrimal glands include Meibomian glands – lubricate lid marginsGlands of Zeiss – sebaceous glands associated with lashesGlands of Moll
Altered Prostaglandin E Receptor Subtype 3 Expression in Lacrimal Glands of Patients with Chronic Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2023
Swati Singh, Boyinpally Sridhar Rao, Sayan Basu
The study adhered to the tenets of the declaration of Helsinki, and was approved by the institutional ethics committee (LV Prasad Ethics Committee, LEC 09–18-137). All patients gave informed written consent for the lacrimal gland biopsy procedure. Included study subjects were patients of chronic SJS sequelae with severe dry eye disease (Schirmer score of 0 mm of wetting after 5 minutes and without topical anaesthesia) undergoing lid-margin mucous membrane grafting (MMG). In all cases, the direct slit lamp examination of the palpebral lobe area of the lacrimal gland revealed conjunctival scarring without any actively secreting openings onto the ocular surface. Normal lacrimal glands from five body donors with no history of recent trauma or infections that could have affected the lacrimal gland constituted the control group. Accessory lacrimal glands were examined from control eyelid tissues only as ALG biopsies from SJS patients were ethically impossible.
Lacrimal Gland Insufficiency in Aqueous Deficiency Dry Eye Disease: Recent Advances in Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Published in Seminars in Ophthalmology, 2022
Microscopically, the lacrimal gland is formed of acinar epithelial cells forming lobules draining into intralobular ducts. The ducts are lined by tubular columnar cell, surrounded by myoepithelial cells.39,40 The intralobular ducts further merge into interlobular ducts which are lined by cuboidal cells and open in the superior and inferior fornix as 3–12 excretory ductules.39–42 Recently, the role of columnar cells of ducts in the secretion of tears have also been found; however, this still requires further studies for confirmation.43 The intervening interstitial connective tissue contains lymphocytes, plasma cells, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, fibroblasts, blood vessels and nerve fibres.29,32,39 Accessory lacrimal glands are similar to the main lacrimal gland microscopically.
Cutaneous pleomorphic adenoma of the periocular region – a case series
Published in Orbit, 2022
Micheal A. O’Rourke, Paul S. Cannon, Joseph F. Shaw, Luciane C. Irion, Penelope A. McKelvie, Alan A. McNab
Pleomorphic adenomas are benign mixed tumours with epithelial and mesenchymal components occurring most frequently in lacrimal and salivary glands. These tumours may rarely arise in accessory lacrimal glands of Krause and Wolfring and ectopic lacrimal gland tissue.4–6 Accessory or ectopic lacrimal gland tissue origin is unlikely if the pleomorphic adenoma is not in the usual location for accessory lacrimal gland tissue or if there is no normal lacrimal gland tissue external to the pseudo-capsule.7 When occurring in skin, they arise from sweat glands and have a reported frequency of 0.01% to 0.098%.1 We report a series of three cases arising in skin – two at the medial canthus and one in the sub-brow region. Such tumours have been described in the eyelid margins, sub-brow region, central lids, as well as elsewhere on the face including the nose and cheek.1,2,7–12 This diagnosis was not suspected on initial presentation and cases 1 and 2 required further excision to be more confident of complete clearance. A third case of recurrent pleomorphic adenoma at the medial canthus highlights the potential for recurrence of such lesions and the importance of establishing complete excision.