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Aerobiology for the Clinician
Published in Pudupakkam K Vedanthan, Harold S Nelson, Shripad N Agashe, PA Mahesh, Rohit Katial, Textbook of Allergy for the Clinician, 2021
Cladosporium herbarum spores can cause allergy symptoms Cladosporium cladosporides colonies are dark olivaceous brown to blackish brown to compact, tough, velvety, reverse olivaceous black. Conidia 3–7 µm in diameter, ellipsoidal to lemon shaped, mostly smooth walled.
Basic Microbiology
Published in Philip A. Geis, Cosmetic Microbiology, 2020
Cladosporium—Members of this genus of the division Ascomycota include some of the most common outdoor molds. Cladosporium spores are well dispersed in air and although their spores serve as allergens, they are rarely associated with invasive diseases in humans.
Biotransformation of Monoterpenoids by Microorganisms, Insects, and Mammals
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
Yoshiaki Noma, Yoshinori Asakawa
The first data on fungal bioconversion of limonene (68) date back to the late 1960s (Kraidman et al., 1969; Noma, 2007). Three soil microorganisms were isolated on and grew rapidly in mineral salt media containing appropriate terpene substrates as sole carbon sources. The microorganisms belonged to the class Fungi Imperfecti, and they had been tentatively identified as Cladosporium species. One of these strains, designated as Cladosporium sp. T7, was isolated on (+)-limonene (68a). The growth medium of this strain contained 1.5 g/L of trans-limonene-1,2-diol (71a). Minor quantities of the corresponding cis-1,2-diol (71b) were also isolated. The same group isolated a fourth microorganism from a terpene-soaked soil on mineral salt media containing (+)-limonene as the sole carbon source (Kraidman et al., 1969). The strain, Cladosporium, designated T12, was capable of converting (+)-limonene (68a) into an optically active isomer of α-terpineol (34) in yields of approximately 1.0 g/L.
Cladosporium Endogenous Endophthalmitis Mimicking Toxoplasma Retinochoroiditis
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2021
Pallavi Singh, Janani Madhuravasal Krishnan, Amitabh Kumar, Rupak Roy, Jyotirmay Biswas
Endogenous fungal endophthalmitis is observed commonly in immunocompromised individuals with chronic systemic diseases or in IV drug abusers. Endogenous mycotic endophthalmitis follows a chronic course and presents as focal or multifocal chorioretinitis. Candida and Aspergillus are the most common causative fungi.1 Cladosporium, a dematiaceous mold, has been observed to cause keratitis.2 The first case of cladosporium endophthalmites was exogenous following corneal tear repair.3 Cladosporium is a rare fungus causing endogenous infection.4, 5 Our patient presented with an atypical clinical picture 1 year after pneumonia and septic shock for which he was administered IV drugs. With no other episode of illness since this episode and an immunocompetent state, we suspect the past episode as the probable source of infection. This suggests that cladosporium could cause delayed infection with an atypical clinical picture. Our report emphasizes the need of nucleic acid sequence analysis for the accurate identification of these difficult-to-identify organisms on routine microscopy and culture in especially atypical presentation.
Household dampness and microbial exposure related to allergy and respiratory health in Danish adults
Published in European Clinical Respiratory Journal, 2020
G. Juel Holst, Ad Pørneki, J. Lindgreen, B. Thuesen, J. Bønløkke, A. Hyvärinen, G. Elholm, K. Østergaard, S. Loft, C. Brooks, J. Douwes, A. Linneberg, T. Sigsgaard
The most common microbes found in the dust were: Aspergillus versicolor, Penicillium/Aspergillus/Paecilomyces varioti spp., Cladosporium spp., Streptomyces spp., and Wallemia sebi (Table S1 (supplementary material)). Microbial loads varied greatly between homes, although at least three of the microorganisms were quantifiable in all samples (mean, 7; SD, 2.71). Significant seasonal variation was seen for several microorganisms. Cladosporium spp., Alternaria alternata and the total fungal load were highest during warm months (summer) and lowest during winter months, and Penicillium spp. and Aspergillus spp. was the opposite. Additionally, microbial diversity was lowest during winter (Table S2). On average, dust sampled from homes of atopics contained significantly less Aspergillus fumigatus, Cladosporium sphaerospermum, Penicillium/Aspergillus/Paecilomyces varioti spp., Penicillium chrysogenum, Stachybotrys chartarum/chlorohalonata than dust from homes of non-atopics (Table 3). Significantly less endotoxin and Penicillium/Aspergillus/Paecilomyces varioti spp. were found in dust samples from homes of atopics compared to the random sample. Significantly less Acremonium strictum, Aspergillus fumigatus, Cladosporium herbarum, Cladosporium sphaerospermum, Penicillium chrysogenum, Stachybotrys chartarum/chlorohalonata, but more endotoxin was found in dust from the households in the random sample, and the dust was less diverse in microbial composition than the dust sampled in the homes of non-atopics. Generally, positive but weak correlations were found between groups of microorganisms (r < 0.50), but subgroups of Cladosporium spp. were moderately to highly correlated (r = 0.72 to 0.88), as were Cladosporium spp. and total fungi (r = 0.76 to 0.83) (Table S3). Microbial diversity was significantly but only weakly to moderately correlated with the individual microorganisms (r = 0.18 to 0.73). Few significant differences were found in microbial loads or indicators between homes with and without visible damp stains, mould odor, condensation on windows and moisture damage (Table S4). Among these, a higher load of endotoxin was detected for participant’s reporting having mold odor indoors, whereas the load of endotoxin was lower among participant’s reporting having damp stains in their bedroom.