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Drug Abuse and Addiction Research into the 21st Century: Where Are We Going from Here?
Published in Gary Rosenberg, Weissman Andrew, Behavioral and Social Sciences in 21st Century Health Care: Contributions and Opportunities, 2021
So, advances in science have actually revolutionized our fundamental understanding of the problem, but, as Judith suggested, one important issue is that there is a tremendous “disconnect” between what the science has taught us and what the majority of the people who come up to me at cocktail parties say. The bottom line of what science has taught us is actually relatively simple and I love this because this is the slogan of the Partnership for a Drug-Free American. It is both simple and tremendously sophisticated in concept. Drug abuse is a preventable behavior. I think that it is somewhat obvious that the initial decision to use drugs is a voluntary one. Therefore, it is a preventable decision–you can talk people out of it or cause them in some way not to use drugs. And, secondly, once you have it, you actually have a disease and it is eminently treatable. That slogan is the bottom line and that is the answer to the question that you will get for continuing education credits.
Violence in Schizophrenia
Published in Ragy R. Girgis, Gary Brucato, Jeffrey A. Lieberman, Understanding and Caring for People with Schizophrenia, 2020
Ragy R. Girgis, Gary Brucato, Jeffrey A. Lieberman
Some individuals consider violence in psychosis to have three main mechanisms through which all other mediating and moderating factors work: impulsivity, psychopathy, and positive symptoms (38, 39). So, for example, drug use would increase risk for violence via effects on impulsivity and positive symptoms, traumatic brain injury via effects on impulsivity, etc.
Recognizing the Alcoholic or Substance-Abusing Patient in Your Practice
Published in Frank Lynn Iber, Alcohol and Drug Abuse as Encountered in Office Practice, 2020
A number of signs that appear upon physical examination may indicate drug use, possible abuse, and tolerance, and these may well be sufficient, alone or in combination with the history, to make a firm diagnosis of substance abuse. Only occasionally is it possible to identify the actual substance that is abused, but the route of abuse may leave a diagnostic trail.
Exposure to Secondhand Smoke at Home and Psychological Distress among College Students in China: The Role of Parental Attachment
Published in Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 2022
Factors typically associated with psychological distress were included as covariates. Socio-demographic covariates included age (18–25 years), sex (male versus female), father’s educational level (high school or below, vocational school/some college, 4-year college or above), annual family income (≤80,000 yuan, ≤150,000 yuan, ≤300,000 yuan, >300,000 yuan), and academic performance (top 10%, top 30%, top 50%, bottom 50%). Behavioral covariates included average frequency of moderate- to high-intensity physical activity per week during the past 6 months (0 day, 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 7 days), ever drinking (yes versus no), and other drug use (yes versus no). Other drug use included use of methamphetamine, cocaine, heroin, ketamine, marijuana, magu, and smart drugs (cognitive enhancing drugs).
Examining the influence school factors have on stimulant misuse among a national sample of adolescents
Published in Journal of Substance Use, 2021
Kelsi J. Becker, Keith A. King, Rebecca A. Vidourek, Ashley L. Merianos
Many physical, mental, and emotional issues can arise from adolescents using NMPD’s. Although prescription drugs are legal, when misused they can have the same addictive effects as illegal drugs (Schelle et al., 2014). NMPD misuse of stimulants also has the potential to lead to addiction (Schelle et al., 2014). When stimulants are taken, short-term physiologic effects consist of increased blood pressure, heart rate, and heavy breathing (National Institute on Drug Abuse [NIDA], 2018). When taken at high doses, those short-term effects can lead to high body temperature, irregular heartbeat, seizures, and heart failure (National Institute on Drug Abuse [NIDA], 2018). Continuation of stimulant misuse can lead to paranoia, anger, or psychosis (National Institute on Drug Abuse [NIDA], 2018). Additionally, adolescents who misuse prescription drugs are more likely to use other drugs such as tobacco, marijuana, cocaine, and partake in binge drinking, putting an increase of stress on their bodies (McCabe et al., 2012).
Psychological effects of an adventure therapy program in the treatment of substance use disorders. A Greek pilot study
Published in Journal of Substance Use, 2021
Fotis Panagiotounis, Yannis Theodorakis, M. Hassandra, Ioannis Morres
Undoubtedly, addiction is a complicated phenomenon resulting from interactions between individual, familial and social factors, representing a mean of alleviating of everyday problems (Masta, 2001). As risk factors for substance use involve an individual’s genetic and personal characteristics as well as environmental and social impacts (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Office of the Surgeon General, 2016; National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2014). Therefore, risk factors for substance abuse include an individual’s genetic and personal characteristics as well as environmental and social causes (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Office of the Surgeon General, 2016; National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2014). Antisocial behavior, mental and emotional disorders such as depression and post-traumatic stress (Enoch, 2011; Gorka et al., 2013; Johnson et al., 2006), high risk-seeking and reward-seeking, impulsivity, and recklessness (Brook et al., 1999; Guo et al., 2001; Wood et al., 2013) have been identified as some of the most important factors that can, to a certain extent, predict involvement with substance use. Furthermore, social cohesion breakdown, low social, economic and educational levels, incorrectly perceived standards and family behaviors combined with the low financial cost of purchasing substances and their high availability create an ecosystem where drug use flourishes (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Office of the Surgeon General, 2016; Stone et al., 2012; Stronski et al., 2000)