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National ITS architectures
Published in Lawrence A. Klein, ITS Sensors and Architectures for Traffic Management and Connected Vehicles, 2017
Table 14.2 lists the service package groups that contain the individual service packages required to implement a particular service or application. Service packages can be linked back to the user services and their more detailed requirements. For instance, the service package Traffic Signal Control that is part of the Traffic Management service package group supports the Highway-Rail Intersection, Traffic Control, and Incident Management user services. Traffic Control, for example, provides for the integration and adaptive control of freeway and surface street systems to improve the flow of traffic, give preference to transit and other high-occupancy vehicles, and minimize congestion while maximizing the movement of people and goods. This is accomplished through four high-level functions, namely, traffic flow optimization, traffic surveillance, control, and provide information. Each of these functions is decomposed into a number of PSpecs, which are found on the Traffic Control user service Web page [9].
The Role of Macroscopic Modeling in the Simulation, Surveillance and Control of Motorway Network Traffic
Published in Edward Chung, André-Gilles Dumont, Transport Simulation, 2019
Markos Papageorgiou, Ioannis Papamichail, Yibing Wang
Mathematical modeling is the imitation of the relevant aspects of a process (e.g., traffic flow) by use of appropriate mathematical equations and further logical relationships. When fed with sufficient initial and boundary conditions as well as control inputs and further exogenous variables, a dynamic model may produce the evolution of the process state over time. If the modeling equations are appropriately implemented in a computer, the resulting simulator can be employed as a cost-effective and convenient tool for multiple uses, such as, in the case of traffic flow, planning of new extended transportation infrastructure; testing the efficiency of various traffic control measures, strategies and systems; comparison of alternatives etc.
Air pollution and transport in China and India
Published in Junyi Zhang, Cheng-Min Feng, Routledge Handbook of Transport in Asia, 2018
Lei Yu, Guohua Song, Xumei Chen
The goal of traffic control is to maintain efficient operations. Traffic is also managed by restrictions on demand and by pricing. The purpose of demand management is to tailor the pattern of demand to match an efficiently (or inefficiently) controlled supply of transportation service (Kurzhanskiy and Varaiya, 2015).
Path-based capacity-restrained dynamic traffic assignment algorithm
Published in Transportmetrica B: Transport Dynamics, 2019
Babak Javani, Abbas Babazadeh, Avishai (Avi) Ceder
The intelligent transportation systems (ITS) are considered as powerful alternatives for traffic control and congestion reduction. The advanced traveler information systems (ATIS) and the advanced traffic management systems (ATMS) are counted as the two major parts of the ITS. The basic requirement of implementing and applying the ATIS/ATMS is the modeling of the time-varying network flows. Therefore, there has been an extensive focus on developing the dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) models in the past two decades. Given the time-varying travel demands, DTA models can capture the dynamic characteristics of the traffic flow by predicting its time-varying pattern. Besides, DTA models can be applied in traditional network planning procedures instead of static traffic assignment (STA) models.
Microsimulation approach for evaluation of reversible lane operation on urban undivided roads in mixed traffic
Published in Transportmetrica A: Transport Science, 2019
Punith B. Kotagi, Gowri Asaithambi
The future scope includes rigorous calibration of model parameters obtained for different types of leader-follower pairs (e.g. Car-Two-wheeler, Two-wheeler-Bus). Models for influence area can be developed based on the type of subject vehicle considered (e.g. Two-wheeler, auto-rickshaw). Thorough calibration and validation can be performed with more data sets collected from different urban cities in other developing countries. The developed traffic simulation model may be helful for the traffic engineers and policy makers to evaluate various traffic control and management measures such as provision of exclusive lanes for different vehicle types, exclusion of certain category of vehicles on roads, fuel consumption, and emissions associated with different vehicle types in mixed traffic, etc.
Integrated control of highway traffic flow
Published in Journal of Control and Decision, 2018
Yihang Zhang, Petros A. Ioannou
Due to the variety and complexity of underlying causes of highway congestion, such as excessive mainline and ramp demand, shockwaves, capacity drop, etc., developing traffic control techniques that cover all possible cases is a challenging task. A variety of control techniques have been proposed for highway traffic flow control. These include variable speed limit (VSL), ramp metering (RM) and lane change (LC) control. Variable speed limit dynamically changes the speed limits along a highway segment in an effort to regulate the traffic flow and improve traffic conditions at the bottlenecks. Ramp metering limits the number of vehicles entering the highway from on-ramps in order to maintain an appropriate demand on the highway and attenuate the disturbance of ramp flows to the mainline. Lane change control provides lane change instructions to vehicle drivers, therefore helping the traffic flow avoid closed lanes by efficiently distributing vehicles to open lanes.