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Domain-knowledge enriched BIM in Construction 4.0
Published in Anil Sawhney, Mike Riley, Javier Irizarry, Construction 4.0, 2020
Md. Aslam Hossain, Justin K. W. Yeoh, Ernest L. S. Abbott, David K. H. Chua
Statistics have shown that construction fatalities represent 36% of all work-related fatalities in Singapore, 27% and 18% in the UK and the USA, respectively (B.o.L. Statistics, 2013; MOM, 2016; HSE, 2018). Safety is a major concern in the construction industry. However, there is a growing understanding that many hazards that may arise during construction, operation, maintenance, and repair works, can be eliminated or at least alleviated through careful consideration during design phase, i.e. before construction begins. This effort is commonly known as Prevention-through-Design (PtD) or Design-for-Safety (DfS). However, difficulties in implementing PtD or DfS are lack of formal training in safety standards and best practices (Zarges and Giles, 2008; Tymvios and Gambatese, 2016; Toh, Goh and Guo, 2017). This means the success of identifying a hazard during design depends heavily upon the designer’s ability, experience, and safety knowledge. This cannot always be guaranteed. Therefore, a knowledge-based design for safety library would help designers to take necessary action in addressing construction hazards in their design (Gambatese, Hinze and Haas, 1997; Nguyen et al., 2014). However, not many effective software solutions are available to help designers to make construction safety design decisions (Martínez-Aires, López-Alonso and Martínez-Rojas, 2018).
Analysing the underlying factors affecting safety performance in building construction
Published in Production Planning & Control, 2020
Jeffrey Boon Hui Yap, Wen Kai Lee
Prevention through design (PtD) is initiated by NIOSH for the purpose to minimise the rate of illness, injury and fatalities by designing out the potential risks and hazard through working with academic, construction-related professional bodies, and traders (National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health 2016). According to Toole et al. (2017), PtD is well-defined as the integration of risk analysis assessment in early design and engineering stage by providing remedy action to each risk at an acceptable level.
Identification of effective control technologies for additive manufacturing
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2022
Johan du Plessis, Sonette du Preez, Aleksandr B. Stefaniak
Collectively, existing exposure and toxicology data support the potential for risk during work with some AM processes and feedstocks. Risk assessment approaches account for the probability of an adverse effect occurring (exposure) and the severity of an adverse health effect (hazard) (Dugheri et al. 2022; Petretta et al. 2019). When conducting risk assessments, factors related to exposure include, but are not limited to, particle size (where the particle might be deposited in the respiratory tract) and frequency of events (amount of material used for a task and number of times exposure occurs). Factors related to hazard include toxicity including carcinogenicity or reproductive effects and type of response such as acute, chronic, reversible, or irreversible. As such, risk-based selection of control technologies is necessary to ensure greater risk control for certain tasks such as handling toxic metal powder feedstock for PBF processes compared with handling solid polymer feedstock for ME processes. When implementing controls, health and safety professionals often rely on the “hierarchy of controls” One representation of the hierarchy depicts elimination, substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls, and personal protective equipment (PPE) as an inverted triangle, with the most effective control options listed at the top and the least effective options listed at the bottom (NIOSH 2015). Prevention-through-design (PtD), sometimes termed safe-by-design, is a complementary health and safety management methodology that aims to anticipate and design out hazards at the early stages of facility, work operations, process, equipment, tools, and product development (Karayannis et al. 2019). PtD effectively transcends all control types, and thus for purposes of this review, as illustrated in Figure 1, in our version of the hierarchy, it is the most effective option depicted.