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Human–Robot Shared Workspace in Aerospace Factories
Published in Paolo Barattini, Vicentini Federico, Gurvinder Singh Virk, Tamás Haidegger, Human–Robot Interaction, 2019
A successful human–robot team exhibits three characteristics: interpredictability, common ground and directability. A human operator should have awareness of the robot’s state and its immediate future state in order to react appropriately to the robot’s action, which will avoid costly interruption of the process. The robot and its operator should be working towards a common goal and the human operator should be able to change its course when necessary. Therefore, the design of the human–robot interfaces has a great effect on how well a system will perform. It is particularly difficult in aerospace manufacturing as robots and human operators could be separated by greater distance compared with other industries, and while humans and robots are working together in a dynamic shared workspace they could be working on different tasks. A contactless user interface will enable human operators to give commands to robots anywhere within the workspace; this type of communication could be achieved using natural user interfaces such as gesture control, voice control and multi-modal systems [9, 10]. Furthermore, a human–robot interface should be designed using a user-centred methodology to address key human factor issues that include cognitive and physical workload, awareness and trust; user interface and collaborative system should be evaluated through iterative development processes with the goal to maximise useability.
A scoping review of human robot interaction research towards Industry 5.0 human-centric workplaces
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2023
Sotirios Panagou, W. Patrick Neumann, Fabio Fruggiero
From the results of this study, several points on how to improve HRI were discussed and can be useful, as advice, to designers and practitioners. Involvement of operators in the design and implementation phases of robots in the work can be beneficial to team cohesion and perceptual safety. Training of operators with robots before implementation to the workplace, or after a change to its features, can improve human–robot team cohesion and perceptual safety and reliability. Due to the advances in technology, robot design features, such as machine learning and AI, can be used to support and protect operators, further improving safety, actual and perceptual, while also improving the perceptual reliability and quality of work. Apart from the relationships and discussion points, the review analysis identified research gaps. The limited number of identified papers studying human–robot interaction empirically highlights the lack of consideration for operators in the HRI research. This result is consistent with previous research which calls for more research on how engineering design interacts with humans to determine sociotechnical system performance. The analysis showed a lack of female and older operators’ representation in HRI research, lack of consideration for human comfort, and the need to approach HRI as a system aiming in joint optimisation approaches for workplace design. Future studies in human aspects and improved design of workplaces for HRI, can accommodate both robot-enabling HF aspects but also better preparation for operators to interact with robots. Moreover, inclusion of social and medical robots in those studies could assist in identifying more relationships and enablers.