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Cognitive cockpit systems: information requirements analysis for pilot control of cockpit automation
Published in Don Harris, Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics Volume Five, 2017
Robert M. Taylor, Samia Abdi, Rosie Dru-Drury, Mike C. Bonner
Cognitive systems engineering bring together consideration of the environment, artefacts and agents (human and machine) in a human-centred, rather than technology-centred, system of systems approach to design. Intelligent aiding systems require consideration of the cognitive requirements of the context of use and of system functional purpose, in addition to the basic system physical design. Conventional cockpits, aimed at providing information delivery and a control system, have cognitive requirements imbedded in their basic design, captured through mission, task, information and workload analyses. In contrast, intelligent cockpits aimed at mission task and usability aiding, through inter-agent, knowledge-based, conceptual, mixed initiative transactions, have the additional cognitive design requirements of the design of the knowledge base and reasoning processes that need to be imbedded in the KBS process architecture (Egglestone, 1993).
Human Engineering Factors in Distributed and Net-Centric Fusion Systems
Published in David L. Hall, Chee-Yee Chong, James Llinas, Martin Liggins, Distributed Data Fusion for Network-Centric Operations, 2013
Ann Bisantz, Michael Jenkins, Jonathan Pfautz
One of the first requirements for identifying and supporting beneficial interactions between a fusion system and a human operator is to understand the relevant characteristics of the domain in which they will perform, as well as the requirements and constraints that rise from environmental, computational, operational, and socioorganizational factors. This understanding can be derived via formal systems engineering practices (e.g., requirements analysis [Laplante 2009]), but these approaches often fail to adequately characterize human factors. Cognitive systems engineering and its associated methodologies for characterizing work domains (e.g., cognitive work analysis [Bisantz and Burns 2008, Bisantz and Roth 2008, Vicente 1999]; human-centered system engineering [Crandall et al. 2006, Hollnagel and Woods 2005]) represent an approach that focuses on both human and system performance and their interrelationships. In our case study, we demonstrate how this approach reveals specific features of human-system interaction that should influence design, development, and evaluation of fusion systems.
The 1940s and Onward
Published in Sidney Dekker, Foundations of Safety Science, 2019
Cognitive systems engineering has taken the ideas of human factors and the second cognitive revolution into complex sociotechnical systems, where a multitude of humans and technological artifacts manage safety-critical operations. Cognitive systems engineering does not divide systems up into human and machine components. Instead, it studies the joint cognitive system, with its functions and goals, as its unit of analysis. It has contributed to Safety Science with concepts such as mode error, automation surprise, and data overload.
Sociotechnical Factors Supporting Mobile Phone Use by Bus Drivers
Published in IISE Transactions on Occupational Ergonomics and Human Factors, 2023
Ross O. Phillips, Siri Hegna Berge
Approaches to human-centered systems engineering include sociotechnical systems engineering (Baxter & Sommerville, 2011), cognitive systems engineering (Militello et al., 2010), and human factors engineering (Stanton et al., 2013). Cognitive systems engineering emphasizes that to understand why people behave as they do in work systems, we should study how they can adapt and use technical components and social resources around them in creative and often unforeseen ways to perform system functions that conserve the achievement of valued goals (Woods and Hollnagel, 2006). Human factors engineering emphasizes people’s cognitive and physiological limits, and the tasks in the work system surrounding the operator (Salmon et al., 2011). Sociotechnical systems engineering, on the other hand, emphasizes democratic job design values, and the need to account for broader social and technical influences in open work systems (Davis et al., 2014).
Examining medical-surgical nurse shift-to-shift handoffs to identify process, failures, and effects
Published in IISE Transactions on Healthcare Systems Engineering, 2019
Katherine Ernst, Sara McComb, Cathaleen Ley
As noted in the Literature Review section, the nursing community currently lacks a detailed map of the handoff process, potentially due to the cognitive nature of the process itself. Current handoff measurement methods rely on observable behaviors or vocalizations that do not necessarily reveal the underlying cognitive processes and structures involved. A product of this research is a detailed but generic (that is, not specific to a particular hospital or unit) handoff process map including both behavioral and cognitive elements. To mature this process map, the tools and methods from cognitive systems engineering may be beneficial, including cognitive task analysis (CTA) and cognitive work analysis. The purpose of CTA is to “uncover the cognitive activities that underlie task performance… to specify ways to improve individual or team performance” (Potter et al., 2000, p. 319). Using cognitive systems engineering methods and the process map identified herein, causal explanations that link cognitively based characteristics of a handoff to nursing care activities may be identified.
Minding the weather: how forecasters think
Published in Ergonomics, 2019
However, perhaps most importantly, this book provides insights into the analytical processes (methods and techniques such as cognitive task analysis and concept mapping), which provide the initial analyses required to support cognitive systems engineering efforts. That is the major value to the HF/E specialists reading this review.