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Biological nitrification in a batch gas–liquid–solid bioreactor
Published in Shirish H. Sonawane, Y. Pydi Setty, T. Bala Narsaiah, S. Srinu Naik, Innovative Technologies for the Treatment of Industrial Wastewater, 2017
P. B. N. Lakshmi Devi, Y. Pydi Setty
The gas–liquid–solid bioreactor consists of a glass column of 0.5 m height and 100 mm outer diameter with a capacity of 3.4 liters as shown in Figure 2.1. The setup is provided with a glass jacket of 122 mm outer diameter, for temperature control in the reactor at the set point. Provision was made for the supply of air/N2/O2 as per requirement. The liquid broth was prepared as mentioned in Section 2.2 and transferred into the reactor. The air was circulated continuously throughout the process into the reactor using an air pump. For uniform distribution of air, a gas sparger was provided at the base of the column. Due to air circulation in the medium the polypropylene beads get suspended throughout the medium in the experiments of gas–liquid–solid bioreactor. In case of experimental work using gas-liquid bioreactor, liquid broth used does not contain any carrier material. Samples were collected at different time intervals. They were analyzed for ammonium ion and nitrate ion concentrations.
Biological Process for Butanol Production
Published in Jay J. Cheng, Biomass to Renewable Energy Processes, 2017
Maurycy Daroch, Jian-Hang Zhu, Fangxiao Yang
Liquid–liquid extraction is another technique that can be used to remove solvents from the fermentation broth. Liquid–liquid extraction is a mass transfer operation in which a liquid solution (the feed) is contacted with an immiscible or nearly immiscible liquid (solvent) that exhibits preferential affinity or selectivity towards one or more of the components in the feed. Two streams result from this contact: the extract, which is the solvent rich solution containing the desired extracted solute, and the raffinate, the residual feed solution containing little solute. Liquid–liquid extraction is an important energy saving process for the purification of butanol from the fermentation broth, by treating the broth with a non-miscible solvent in which butanol has preferential partition. As the extractant and broth are immiscible, the extractant can easily be separated from the broth after the extraction of butanol, leaving nutrients still in the broth. Extraction can successfully be used for in situ alcohol recovery in butanol fermentations to increase the substrate conversion.
Concentration of exopolysaccharides produced by Fusarium fujikuroi and application of bioproduct as an effective bioherbicide
Published in Environmental Technology, 2020
Izelmar Todero, Tássia C. Confortin, Luciana Luft, Jeferson Seibel, Raquel C. Kuhn, Marcus V. Tres, Giovani L. Zabot, Marcio A. Mazutti
The concentration of samples occurred with a reduction of 50% of the initial volume in a lyophilizer (L 101, Liotop, Brazil) at −55°C, coupled to a vacuum pump (D.V.P Vacuum Technology, RC.8D). Samples of 100 mL of the crude broth were frozen in an ultrafreezer (New Brunswick, U360 Innova, EUA) before the lyophilization. The 50% concentration occurred after 30 h. Thereafter, the final volume was measured, and the acid precipitation, surface tension, and bioassays of the herbicidal activity were determined.
Elucidating the microbial community associated with the protein preference of sludge-degrading worms
Published in Environmental Technology, 2019
Steef de Valk, Cuijie Feng, Ahmad F. Khadem, Jules B. van Lier, Merle K. de Kreuk
Tetra Min fish food flakes were used as a protein-rich substrate. The composition as adapted from [32] consists as percentage of dry matter 50% of protein, 11% of lipids and 24% carbohydrates. Fish food samples were acquired by dissolving 5 g of crushed Tetra Min fish food flakes in 0.5 L of aerated tap water at room temperature and incubating for a period of 20 days. Subsequently, samples of this broth were collected and frozen at −24°C.