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Inspection Principles and Techniques
Published in Don E. Bray, Roderic K. Stanley, Nondestructive Evaluation, 2018
Don E. Bray, Roderic K. Stanley
Weld inspection is a frequent and effective application of ultrasonics, typically using ultrasonic angle beam probes in either contact, immersion, or squirter probe arrangements. Typical defects detected include the vertical, planar type of flaw as well as the slag, inclusions, and porosity that were discussed previously. The type of defect expected dictates the choice of the inspection angle of the probe. The obvious choice for flat, planar defects would be a higher angle probe (i.e., 70°) while porosity, etc. might well be detected with a lower angle probe, e.g., a 45°. In some cases, normal beam probes are used for confirmation of indications. Since defect position is most crucial in weld inspection, the probe and inspection system must be calibrated in accordance with industry standards, using the steps previously given.
Steel Connections
Published in Paul W. McMullin, Jonathan S. Price, Richard T. Seelos, Steel Design, 2018
Quality is of great consideration for welded joints, and the source of much effort during fabrication and erection. Common weld discontinuities are incomplete fusion, lack of penetration, porosity, slag inclusions, undercutting, and cracking, illustrated in Figure 8.14. Weld inspection methods include visual, ultrasonic, magnetic particle (Figure 8.15), and radiographic examination. Weld inspection is extensively discussed in Chapter 10 of Special Structural Topics in this series.
Use of Conventional Manufacturing Techniques for Materials
Published in T. S. Srivatsan, T. S. Sudarshan, K. Manigandan, Manufacturing Techniques for Materials, 2018
T. S. Srivatsan, K. Manigandan, T. S. Sudarshan
The primary objective of weld inspection is to assure the high quality of welded structures through a careful examination of the components at each stage of fabrication. The welds are inspected and tested to locate the presence of defects and flaws. The overall quality of a welded joint often depends on performance of the welding equipment, the welding procedures adopted, and the overall skill of the operator. The weld inspection methods are broadly classified into two groups:
Artificial intelligence and its relevance in mechanical engineering from Industry 4.0 perspective
Published in Australian Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2023
Prashant K. Ambadekar, Sarita Ambadekar, C. M. Choudhari, Satish A. Patil, S.H. Gawande
In case of welding, the visual inspection system can be implemented for weld monitoring as well as weld inspection. The top surface of the weld provides sufficient information about the weld direction, penetration, HAZ, weld force, surface roughness, welding speed, and much many. There may be noise in the captured images due to smoke, brightness, or spatter, which may make the DL system less accurate (Cheng et al. 2020). This issue can be reduced by hybrid sensors and vision system or thermal vision system (Atwya and Panoutsos 2019; Ghanty et al. 2008) may also be used to extract information during welding. A few key issues in this regard are highlighted below: A trend in combined sensors and vision systems will enable an intelligent welding system.Another trend that may be seen is the hybrid DL model, as two or more models may extract different information in the complex welding system (Lee et al. 2021a).However, the justification on the selection of a particular DL algorithm should be seen in upcoming research papers.