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Circular Economy and Product Longevity
Published in Louise Møller Haase, Linda Nhu Laursen, Designing for Longevity, 2023
Louise Møller Haase, Linda Nhu Laursen
Product lifetime is the active lifetime of a product or the product’s ‘service life’ (i.e. its total period in use). In Figure 2.1, the active product lifetime is depicted by the ‘product use’ arrow (the period from the ‘point of sale’ to the ‘end of product life’).
Reinforcement learning based optimal decision making towards product lifecycle sustainability
Published in International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 2022
Yang Liu, Miying Yang, Zhengang Guo
It can be seen that this paper clearly differs from other works as follows. 1) The data of this paper came from real industry, and the proposed method was empirically applied with action research. 2) The AI-based decision process in this paper covered a wider lifecycle stage. 3) This paper also contributed to sustainability goals, particularly prolonging the product lifetime and reducing environmental impact.
Multiple Life-Cycle Products: A Review of Antecedents, Outcomes, Challenges, and Benefits in a Circular Economy
Published in Journal of Engineering Design, 2022
Ujjwal Nag, Satyendra Kumar Sharma, Vikas Kumar
Waste utilisation-based antecedents: It details how far the component and sub-assemblies from previous life-cycle or recycled content can be applied to a product. EoL products contain valuables in material, component, function, and embodied energy. These values can be lost if the process adopted is not suited to the purpose of recovery and thus value assessment is required for the resources recovered from the waste (Iacovidou et al. 2017). Östlin, Sundin, and Björkman (2008) discussed supply and demand issues in three remanufacturing scenarios – product remanufacturing, component remanufacturing, and component cannibalisation. Factors, such as the mean product lifetime, rate of technical innovation, and failure rate of components, influence the return rate of products from the end-of-use and end-of-life stage. In the case of EoL tire management, regrooving and retreading extend the product usability, and the introduction of recycled content improves the material circularity (Lonca et al. 2018). Recycled material for new tire production was received from two sources: recovered material from scrap tires generated by the production process and tires in their ultimate EoL phase, and the authors applied the material circularity indicator (MCI). A few evaluation methods, such as material flow analysis and simplified LCA, have been applied to calculate the downstream material flow that went out for recovery operation, including remanufacturing and recycling of steel components (Diener and Tillman 2015). Feriha et al. (2014) determined the best proportion of reclaimed rubber and crumb rubber as a part of the constituents used in the manufacturing of three different tire parts (tread, side wall, and inner liner). Simões et al. (2013) assessed the environmental advantages of substituting aluminium for a polymer composite in the manufacturing of a supporting structure for solar panels. Indicators, such as material circularity indicator (MCI), longevity indicator, give information on the material being reused or recycled. Hence, it can be used to measure sustainable resource use at the product level (Figge et al. 2018).