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Electric Machines and Power Systems
Published in Mohd Hasan Ali, Wind Energy Systems, 2017
In power engineering, the power flow study (also known as load flow study) is an important tool involving numerical analysis applied to a power system. Unlike traditional circuit analysis, a power flow study usually uses simplified notation such as a one-line diagram and per-unit system and focuses on various forms of AC power (i.e., reactive, real, and apparent) rather than voltage and current. It analyzes the power systems in normal steady-state operation. There exist a number of software implementations of power flow studies.
Multipartite Adaptive Quantum-Inspired Evolutionary Algorithm to Reduce Power Losses of a Radial Distribution Network
Published in Siddhartha Bhattacharyya, Mario Köppen, Elizabeth Behrman, Ivan Cruz-Aceves, Hybrid Quantum Metaheuristics, 2022
Siddhartha Bhattacharyya, Mario Köppen, Elizabeth Behrman, Ivan Cruz-Aceves
In a power system network, ac and dc power flows from generating station to the utilities at load end through different branches and busses. The flow of power i.e., active or reactive in a system is called load flow or power flow. Load flow or power flow study is generally a mathematical approach used to determine the load under steady state condition, active or reactive power flow through different branches, generators, total active and reactive power losses, individual power losses obtained at each branch and bus voltages. Load flow analysis is used to determine the steady state operation of network. It is widely used by power system professional during planning stages of distribution system or adding an additional network to existing one. Traditional power flow methods such as Gauss-Seidel, fast decoupled and Newton Raphson methods are used to find the power losses, voltage profile of the network. These methods are mainly designed and used for transmission systems and unsuitable for distribution networks. Distribution system has complex structure with large number of branches and nodes. Distribution networks are normally designed as mesh structures but in normal operating conditions they are operated in radial structure. The load at distribution network generally poses unbalanced operation with unbalanced distribution loads. Traditional power flow methods require set of equations whose size is equal to number of buses. If the traditional power flow methods are used in distribution network, for large test bus systems the computational time is too long. In addition, Y-bus formation in traditional power flow methods creates waste of memory storage. Hence, traditional power flow methods are inefficient for distribution networks. Distribution system has high R/X ratio, which causes ill conditioning for traditional power flow methods. Hence, there is need for a load flow which uses topological characteristics of distribution network to determine the total power losses and bus voltage in the network. Jen-Hao Teng [52] has proposed a load flow which uses topological characteristic of distribution network. Based on the topological characteristics of the network, Bus Injection to Branch Current (BIBC) matrix and Branch Current to Bus Voltage (BCBV) matrix are normally developed. This method generally has three important steps which are given below.
Coordination of thermal/wind energies in power-to-gas process for cost/pollution abatement considering wind energy recovery
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2022
Reza Hemmati, Seyyed Mostafa Nosratabadi, Hasan Mehrjerdi, Mosayeb Bornapour
The power flow study in the electrical grid is carried out to calculate the flowed power through the lines, the voltage magnitudes and the voltage angles on all buses. The active power flow in the network lines is expressed by (2). The maximum capacity of each line is denoted by (3). The balance of active power in all grid buses is modeled by (4). The voltage of each bus is limited by the minimum and maximum levels as shown in (5) (Wang and Yuan 2020).
An Efficient Load Flow Algorithm for AC–DC Distribution Systems
Published in Electric Power Components and Systems, 2018
Krishna Murari, Narayana Prasad Padhy
Power flow study is required for determining the system state under normal and various hypothetical situations. In order to determine the system state of an AC–DC distribution system, AC–DC load flow equations of distribution system need to be solved. The single line diagram of an AC–DC distribution system shown in Figure 6 has been used to exemplify the proposed load flow algorithm.