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Plasmonic Nanoparticles for Cancer Bioimaging, Diagnostics and Therapy
Published in Klaus D. Sattler, st Century Nanoscience – A Handbook, 2020
Bridget Crawford, Tuan Vo-Dinh
Gold nanoparticles have become a promising platform for cancer imaging and diagnostic applications as well as direct therapeutic applications, such as plasmonic PTT or PDT. Recent biomedical uses of AuNPs have increasingly combined several of these properties into single, multimodal platforms that have demonstrated great potential for theranostic applications. The increasing selectivity and efficacy of such platforms hold significant promise for the translation into clinical applications. Specifically, our group has developed a surfactant-free synthesis of plasmonics–active GNSs with capabilities spanning multi-modality sensing (SERS, TPL CT, MRI, PET) and therapy (PTT, PDT and immunotherapy). Due to their desirable features, including the tunable plasmonic bands in the NIR region, lack of photobleaching and photodegradation, narrow spectral fingerprints and capability to allow multiplexed bioanalysis, GNS are promising theranostic candidates for in vivo applications. Furthermore, recent studies combining checkpoint blockade immunotherapy with GNS-mediated PTT show promise in addressing one of the most challenging problems in the treatment of metastatic cancer and ultimately induce effective long-lasting immunity against cancer. The potential of the plasmonic properties of nanoparticles in improving sensitivities of bioassays and cancer therapy efficiency suggests that the field of the plasmonic nanoparticles for biomedical applications remains promising.
Low-Powered Plasmonic Sensors
Published in Yallup Kevin, Basiricò Laura, Iniewski Kris, Sensors for Diagnostics and Monitoring, 2018
Sasan V. Grayli, Xin Zhang, Siamack V. Grayli, Gary W. Leach
The excitation of LSPR structures will result in the generation of a localized, confined and highly energetic electric field (Jang et al. 2016; Moskovits 2015; Clavero 2014). The resonating field of the LSPR depends greatly on the size, shape, and geometry of the nanostructures at different wavelengths (Jang et al. 2016; Knight et al. 2011; Clavero 2014), and therefore, controlling these variables is a path to designing more efficient and selective sensors. It has been demonstrated that the absorption of plasmonic nanoparticles (or nanostructures) can be tailored by changing the shape and size of the structures, and this property can be used to create regions that absorb specific wavelengths of light (Eustis and El-Sayed 2006; Knight et al. 2013, 2011). The near-field enhancement of LSPRs, excited at the selected frequencies, can give rise to hot carrier generation and transfer for those specific wavelengths, acting as both an active region and color filter in a photosensor. Selective photon absorption/coupling of plasmonic nanostructures in such configurations promises a new generation of opto-plasmonic sensors with tunable wavelength capability. Figure 3.2 illustrates some of the many possible plasmonic nanostructures that can be made on a surface in different shapes and geometries.
Nanomaterials
Published in Mohammad E. Khosroshahi, Applications of Biophotonics and Nanobiomaterials in Biomedical Engineering, 2017
Plasmonic nanoparticles are particles whose electron density can couple with electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths that are far larger than the particle due to the nature of the dielectric-metal interface between the medium and the particles. Plasmonic nanoparticles exhibit interesting scattering, absorbance, and coupling properties based on their geometries and relative positions. These unique properties have made them a focus of research in many applications including solar cells, spectroscopy, signal enhancement for imaging, and cancer treatment. These nanoparticle-based materials have been used for coloring glasses before the Medieval Ages, such as stained glasses in cathedrals, although in those days craftsmen did not surely have the knowledge, nor could understand the physics behind it. One of the oldest plasmonic glass materials is the ‘Lycurus’ cup from fourth century AD on display in British museum, as can be seen in Fig. 9.5. It appears red when transilluminated, but shines green when imaged in reflection. The physics of this phenomena which is related to concept of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) is explained in the subsequent sections.
Perovskite solar cells: importance, challenges, and plasmonic enhancement
Published in International Journal of Green Energy, 2020
Moshsin Ijaz, Aleena Shoukat, Asma Ayub, Huma Tabassum, Hira Naseer, Rabia Tanveer, Atif Islam, Tahir Iqbal
The Nobel metals can be used to enhance the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells. The plasmonic effect of metal nanoparticles such as silver and gold nanoparticles is a great way of enhancing the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells. Plasmonic nanoparticles hold a great significance in the field of photovoltaic and optoelectronics due to their fascinating properties (Chen et al. 2013; Dong et al. 2015a; Jang et al. 2016, 2017; Petridis et al. 2017; Stratakis and Kymakis 2013; Xu et al. 2016). These metal nano objects are used as an engineering tool to improve the performance of perovskites solar cells (Aeineh et al. 2017; Fan et al. 2017; Huang, Neretina, and El‐Sayed 2009; Qian et al. 2015; Wu et al. 2016a). The electromagnetic fields are enhanced in the metal surfaces due to the oscillation of conduction band electrons upon inducing light that in turns excites the localized surface plasmon resonance effect.
Enhanced efficiency of thin film GaAs solar cells with plasmonic metal nanoparticles
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2018
We simulated the structure of thin film GaAs solar cells with metal nanoparticles assembled on its front surface and aluminum layer on the backside (acting as back reflector and electrode). The solar cell performance parameters like enhanced conversion efficiency (G), total power absorbed, absorption enhancement (g), and current density (Jsc) were calculated by using finite difference time domain (FDTD) method (www.lumerical.com). The outcomes of this work can provide a low cost and efficient solution for practically large scale execution of plasmonic nanoparticles for thin film GaAs solar cells efficiency enhancement.
A novel gold-polymer-antibody conjugate for targeted (radio-photothermal) treatment of HepG2 cells
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2023
Wael M. Darwish, Noha A. Bayoumi, Hanan M. El-Shershaby, Kamel A. Moustafa
Cancer photothermal therapy (PTT) includes treatment with NIR-plasmonic nanoparticles such as hollow gold nanospheres (HAuNS) and gold nanorods followed by irradiation with laser light at the appropriate wavelength [1]. Plasmonic nanoparticles convert light energy into heat resulting in thermal ablation of cancer cells with minimal harm to normal cells [2,3]. The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of HAuNS has attracted much attention due to its biocompatibility, uniform nanosize, excellent photothermal properties and absorbance of near-infrared light NIR light which fits well with the biological window [4]. Despite HAuNS exhibit a high light-to-heat conversion capacity, insufficient localization in the tumor cells is the main challenge toward achieving high impact from cancer photothermal therapy. Active targeting of the plasmonic nanoparticles via attachment to specific antibody, photo-immunoconjugates (PICs), has been recently developed to enhance the localization of the nanoparticles at the tumor sites [5]. In addition, the targeted PTT can also be emerged with other anticancer modalities of different mechanisms of action such as cancer internal-radiation therapy. This combination helps to overcome the complex nature and the increasing drug-resistivity of many cancer types [6]. Such combinatorial therapeutic models proved superior safety and efficacy to monotherapies since single-drug monotherapy cannot inhibit recurrence or metastasis of cancer [7]. Radioimmunotherapy (RIT), where a therapeutic antibody is covalently bound to radiotherapeutic nuclides, represents an emerging combinatorial anticancer modality. Several radiopharmaceuticals such as 131I-rituximab [8] and 111In radiolabeled atezolizumab (111In-ATZ) were used for assessment of PDL1 expression in many cancer cells [9a]. Radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies are used for the delivery of therapeutic radionuclides in vivo for radioimmuntherapy (RIT) due to their ability to selectively target tumor [9b]. The selection of a radionuclide depends on its emission type and half-life. During the first decade of the 2000s, positive clinical results led to the subsequent FDA-approval of two radioimmunoconjugates for the targeted radiotherapy of hematologic tumors expressing CD20 antigens, 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin®, Bayer, Leverkusen, Germany) in 2002 and 131I-tositumomab (Bexxar®, GSK, Brentford, UK) in 2003 [9b].