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Heat and Power
Published in Vaughn Nelson, Kenneth Starcher, Introduction to Bioenergy, 2017
Vaughn Nelson, Kenneth Starcher
Pellet stoves (Figure 8.5) are efficient (up to 95% for dry fuel) and use pellets of wood, sawdust, straw, or other biomass that are fed from a hopper into the stove. Pellets are made from compacted, dried material such as sawdust, shavings, wood powder, or corn cobs. The pellet input is controlled by a thermostat and the fire is controlled by an internal blower and they usually have a second blower to circulate air from the burner to the room. Some stoves have an external air intake, which is more efficient heating than most conventional wood stoves and all open fires. An advantage of many pellet stoves is that they can be vented horizontally. Pellet stoves require electricity for the blowers and maintenance requires removing ash and yearly check of the flue systems.
Biomass
Published in Brian D. Fath, Sven E. Jørgensen, Megan Cole, Managing Biological and Ecological Systems, 2020
Alberto Traverso, David Tucker
To achieve complete burnout and high efficiencies in small-scale combustion, downdraft boilers with inverse flow have been introduced, applying the two-stage combustion principle. An operation at very low load should be avoided as it can lead to high emissions. Hence, it is recommended to couple log wood boilers to a heat storage tank. Since wood pellets are well suited for automatic heating at small heat outputs, as needed for buildings nowadays, pellet furnaces are an interesting application with increasing propagation. Thanks to the well-defined fuel at low water content, pellet furnaces can easily achieve high combustion quality. They are applied both as stoves and as boilers and find increased acceptance in urban areas, due to the high efficiency of modern pellet stoves now used for home heating. While a conventional fireplace is less than 10% efficient at delivering heat to a house, an average modern pellet stove achieves 80%–90% efficiency. Technology development has led to the application of strongly improved heating systems, which are automated and have catalytic gas cleaning equipment. Such systems significantly reduce the emissions from fireplaces and older systems while at the same time significantly improving the efficiency.
Fixed-bed Biomass Combustor: Air Mass Flow Rate and Particles Size Effects on Ignition Front Propagation of Solid Olive Waste
Published in Combustion Science and Technology, 2022
Abdallah Elorf, I. Bakhatar, M. Asbik, B. Sarh, P. Gillon
This work is a part of VERA (Energetic Valorization of Agricultural Residues) project developed between France and Morocco to valorize the Moroccan solid OW as biomass. About 1.5 million tons of olives are produced every year and 675,000 tons of OWs are results in Morocco (Elorf et al. 2016). We are facing two major problems: the first is environmental problems linked to management of this waste; the second is linked to the energy requirements. Effective use of OC in energy recovery will be a good solution to solve these problems. OW is available in large amounts especially in Mediterranean countries at a very low cost and can be considered as alternative fuels, which do not contain sulfur (Hüseyin, Aysel, and Ali (2003)). Miranda et al. (2008; 2012) studied the characterization and combustion behavior of olive pomace using thermogravimetric analysis and pellet stove. Jauhiainen et al. (2004; 2005) studied kinetics and emissions of the pyrolysis and combustion of olive oil solid waste.
Enhancing the sustainability of shipping container homes in a hot arid region: A case study of Aswan in Egypt
Published in Architectural Engineering and Design Management, 2019
Hanan Taleb, Mohamed Elsebaei, May El-Attar
Recent studies have indicated that shipping container homes are energy efficient and, according to Building Code Australia, the container house complies with a 6-star energy rating (Islam, Zang, Setunge, & Bhuiyan, 2016). Shipping container homes could, however, have more sustainable features, such as green roofs. A San Antonio container guest house designed by an architect, Jim Poteet, features a rooftop garden, bamboo plywood flooring and walls, a composting toilet, a gray water tank for garden watering, and other features – all in an eight by forty-foot footprint (Martinez-Garcia, 2014). The fact that a shipping container can survive without being connected to the national grid shows that active systems such as photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, or wind turbine can be effective solutions. Passive systems can also be implemented, such as solar orientation, passive cooling, pellet stove heating, good insulation. and glazing. Both active and passive systems are intended to keep the house ‘off the grid’ (Foley, 2017).
Comparative study of machine learning methods integrated with different optimisation algorithms for prediction of thermal performance and emissions in a pellet stove
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2023
Alirıza Kaleli, Bilal Sungur, Cem Basar
The diagram of the experimental setup is shown in Figure 3. The pellet stove used in the experiments was top-fed and forced draft type. To obtain different thermal powers, changing the pellet feeding rate is essential. In this context, pellet feeding rates adjusted to 1.26 kg/h for 6 kW, 1.89 kg/h for 9 kW, and 2.52 kg/h for 12 kW, respectively. Also, by adjusting the draught fan, three different excess air ratios, which were λ = 1.7, λ = 2.2, λ = 3, were obtained for all cases. Totally, 36 experiments were realized, which includes four burner pots, three thermal powers and three excess airs. The details of the experimental setup can be found in (Sungur and Basar 2023).