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Onsite manufacturing and applications of FRP pipes
Published in Alphose Zingoni, Current Perspectives and New Directions in Mechanics, Modelling and Design of Structural Systems, 2022
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is a process that can produce electricity, cooling or heating by using the temperature difference between deep cold ocean water and warm tropical surface waters. InfinitPipe® can be manufactured on a barge on the ocean and the pipe is lowered to the seabed as it is being manufactured. This technique of onsite manufacturing can result in significant cost savings. A similar application is for addressing the concerns with coral bleaching that is caused by global warming. In a solution proposed to the National Geographic’s Chasing Genius Challenge we offered the use of this technique to address this problem in Australia’s Great Barrier Reef. A mechanical pump activated by the waves in the ocean can pump cooler water from the deep portions to the warmer shallow parts where the corals live.
Renewable Energy Resources
Published in Julie Kerr, Introduction to Energy and Climate, 2017
Energy from the sun heats the surface water of the ocean. In tropical regions, surface water can be much warmer than deep water. This temperature difference can be used to produce electricity. The Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) system uses a temperature difference of at least 77°F to operate a turbine to produce electricity. The United States became involved in OTEC research in 1974 with the establishment of the Natural Energy Laboratory of Hawaii Authority. The laboratory is one of the world’s leading test facilities for OTEC technology (Figure 11.19). There is no large-scale operation of OTEC today, mainly because there are many challenges associated with the technology although it is currently being researched.
Tidal and Wave Power
Published in Bella H. Chudnovsky, Transmission, Distribution, and Renewable Energy Generation Power Equipment, 2017
OTEC technologies make use of a heat engine which uses the temperature difference between cold and hot water. Due to heat from sun, the water is warmer on the top and gets cooler as the depth increases. When the temperature difference between hot and cold water is 20°C, the conditions for OTEC are most promising. These conditions are found near the equator. The efficiency of heat engine increases with increase in difference in temperature. OTEC is still an emerging technology. Sagar-Shakthi is a closed cycle OTEC plant with a capacity of 1 MW in India [14].
The ocean as a source of renewable energy in sub-Saharan Africa: sources, potential, sustainability and challenges
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Energy, 2023
Alberto Filimão Sitoe, António Mubango Hoguane, Soufiane Haddout
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is a process that can produce electricity by using the temperature difference between deep cold ocean water and warm tropical surface waters. OTEC plants pump large quantities of deep cold seawater and surface seawater and generate pressure differences that drive turbines coupled to generators and produce electricity (Etemadi et al. 2011; Vega 2012). OTEC plants can be closed-cycle or open-cycle. In a closed-cycle OTEC system, warm seawater vaporises a working fluid, such as ammonia, flowing through an evaporator (Hasan and Dincer 2020). The working fluid expands and turns a turbine. The vapour is then condensed by means of deep cold water and pumped back to evaporator, and the cycle is repeated. In an open-cycle OTEC system uses warm seawater as the working fluid. The pressure above the warm water is lowered sufficiently for the water to boil and vaporise at the ambient temperature of about 25°C, driving the turbine in the process. The vapour is then condensed and fresh water produced (Li et al. 2018). Hence, the open system produces freshwater as by-product (Liu 2018). Though the system is designed to produce electricity, recent studies have shown its potential to contribute to the development of large-scale open ocean mariculture, as it requires pumping deeper, cold and nutrient rich water to the photic zone, were it can trigger primary production (Liu 2018).
Construction of a state-space model with multiple flow rate inputs for an OTEC plant using Rankine cycle
Published in SICE Journal of Control, Measurement, and System Integration, 2022
Yoshitaka Matsuda, Daiki Suyama, Takenao Sugi, Satoru Goto, Takafumi Morisaki, Takeshi Yasunaga, Yasuyuki Ikegami
Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) is a power generation method, which uses the temperature difference between surface warm seawater and deep cold seawater [2]. Because OTEC uses only seawater of different temperatures, the heat source is available semi-permanently. Furthermore, there is no emission of during the operation. Therefore, OTEC is important for the development of a next-generation energy source.
Recent development of integrating CO2 hydrogenation into methanol with ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) as potential source of green energy
Published in Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews, 2023
Mohd Hizami Mohd Yusoff, Lau Kok Keong, Nor Hafizah Yasin, Mohammad Syamzari Rafeen, Amiruddin Hassan, Geetha Srinivasan, Suzana Yusup, Azmi Mohd Shariff, A. Bakar Jaafar
Interestingly, the renewable hydrogen produced from ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) is a potential source to produce value-added green hydrocarbons upon reaction with the captured CO2. The increase in global warming and commitment toward energy security also led to the exploration of renewable energy technologies from various sources such as solar, wind, hydro, biomass and geothermal. Among them, OTEC is one of the promising green technologies that can fulfill global energy demand and reduce global warming due to excessive CO2 emission. By utilizing a stable temperature difference between warm surface water and cold deep ocean water, a huge potential of thermal energy can be produced from the thermodynamic cycle and support electricity generation. Malaysia has great potential to harness ocean thermal energy via OTEC technology based on its deep water depth of more than 700 m (8,9). By 2050, as the entry to OTEC potential, it is projected that Malaysia could consider growth of its OTEC resources to at least 12,000,0000 W or 12,000,000 KW, i.e. less than 50% of its minimum total potential of 26,000000 KW over its deep waters of 131,000 km2 at 700 m isobath or deeper up to 2900 m. By 2050, the amount of hydrogen that could be generated would be 2.1 million tons of H2/year assuming, (12,000,000 kW, 8750 h/year with 50 kWh/kgH2 = 2.1 million tons of H2/year]. Furthermore, the huge capacity for OTEC potential in Malaysia is comparable to other tropical and subtropical countries like Fiji, Philippines and Nauru Island (10). Of the State of Sabah, Malaysia, there exists number of sites for the deep-water production (DWP) of oil & gas, including Shell @Malikai (565 m), Shell @Gumusut-Kakap (1220 m), Murphy @Kikeh (1300 m), and PETRONAS Carigali @Rotan (1500 m). There also exists the potential of generating power (11), by converting the heat stored in the warm surface water into electrical energy with OTEC Technology by installing OTEC plants with Electrolyzers, gas Compressors, and compressed hydrogen gas storage on a floating platform, the like of the re-used Ultra Large Crude Carrier (ULCC), anchored adjacent to, but not within the 500 m limit in compliance with the safety requirements of, the DWP oil & gas production units. The generated renewable power, being the net of running OTEC plants, would be taken up in the production of green hydrogen by water electrolysis. Thus, for the conversion of the captured 13.5 MMSCFD of CO2 into green methanol, 204,000 KW of OTEC power capacity would be required to be developed and installed in order generate 97.82 MTPD of hydrogen, as stated herein.