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Integrated Bidirectional Converters for Plug-In HEV Applications
Published in L. Ashok Kumar, S. Albert Alexander, Power Converters for Electric Vehicles, 2020
L. Ashok Kumar, S. Albert Alexander
In paper [5], a complete study of the performance of different hybrid rechargeable energy storage systems (RESS) for their use in PHEV with a series drive train topology is made on the basis of simulations with three different driving cycles. The investigated hybrid energy storage topologies are an energy-optimized lithium-ion battery (HE) that combines with an electrical double-layer capacitor system—a combination of a power optimized lithium-ion battery (HP) system or in combination with a lithium-ion capacitor system—which behaves as a peak power system. The simulation results show that the hybridization of the HE lithium-ion based energy storage system from the three topologies resulted in an improved overall energy efficiency of the RESS, an extended all electric range of the PHEV, and a less average current through the HE battery.
Applications and Economics of Lithium-Ion Supercapacitors
Published in Lei Zhang, David P. Wilkinson, Zhongwei Chen, Jiujun Zhang, Lithium-Ion Supercapacitors, 2018
Hongbin Zhao, Muhammad Arif Khan, Jiujun Zhang
A supercapacitor, also known as an ultracapacitor, is an electrical component having greater capacitance and power density than conventional capacitors. In the 2010s, the different product categories of supercapacitors show obvious change with the development of global renewable energy applications and vehicles. The traditional electronic double-layer capacitor (EDLCs) occupied the largest market share of 48.2%. However, the lithium-ion capacitor (LIC) segment is anticipated to witness the fastest growing segment. The global hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) market is growing rapidly. To reduce carbon emission, the hybrid supercapacitor is one of the major factors responsible for the exponential growth in the coming years. The market of hybrid supercapacitors is forecasted to witness the fastest growth with a rate of 23.5% during the forecast period.
Modular Systems for Energy and Fuel Storage
Published in Yatish T. Shah, Modular Systems for Energy Usage Management, 2020
Supercapacitors are used in applications requiring many rapid charge/discharge cycles rather than long-term compact energy storage: within cars, buses, trains, cranes, and elevators, where they are used for regenerative braking, short-term energy storage, or burst-mode power delivery [3]. Smaller units are used as memory backup for static random-access memory (SRAM). Unlike ordinary capacitors, supercapacitors do not use the conventional solid dielectric, but rather, they use electrostatic double-layer capacitance and electrochemical pseudocapacitance [4], both of which contribute to the total capacitance of the capacitor, with a few differences [1–12]: Electrostatic double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) use carbon electrodes or derivatives with much higher electrostatic double-layer capacitance than electrochemical pseudocapacitance, achieving separation of charge in a Helmholtz double layer at the interface between the surface of a conductive electrode and an electrolyte. The separation of charge is of the order of a few ångströms (0.3–0.8 nm), much smaller than in a conventional capacitor.Electrochemical pseudocapacitors use metal oxide or conducting polymer electrodes with a high amount of electrochemical pseudocapacitance in addition to the double-layer capacitance. Pseudocapacitance is achieved by Faradaic electron charge-transfer with redox reactions, intercalation or electrosorption.Hybrid capacitors, such as the lithium-ion capacitor, use electrodes with differing characteristics: one exhibiting mostly electrostatic capacitance and the other mostly electrochemical capacitance.
Simulation of direct coupling 20 kW class photovoltaic and electrolyzer system connected with lithium ion capacitors
Published in Journal of International Council on Electrical Engineering, 2018
Satoshi Suzuki, Kiyotaka Goshome, Naruki Endo, Tetsuhiko Maeda
The Lithium ion capacitor (LiC) modules (MPA30G413H) were purchased from JM Energy Corporation. A nominal maximum charge and discharge current of a LiC module is 360A. Two LiC modules are connected in series and then two groups are connected in parallel. Thus the LiC array has 1.4 Ah of capacity and 34.8 V of minimum usable voltage and 60.8 V of maximum voltage. The LiC array is connected in parallel with the Ely.
Preparation of bulk doped NiCo2O4 bimetallic oxide supercapacitor materials by in situ growth method
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2022
Ling Li, Baozhong Liu, Shaogang Hou, Qiming Yang, Zichuang Zhu
Although NiCo2O4 has aforementioned advantages, its capacity and energy density are severely limited by its low conductivity and reactivity. To overcome these defects, one-dimensional nanostructural NiCo2O4 electrode was developed. Because of its short ion and electron diffusion path, the specific surface area and capacitance are improved. Moreover, its energy performance can be further improved, if the one-dimensional nanostructure material can be modified. Supercapacitor materials combined with Metal-OrganicFrameworks (MOF) materials can also improve the overall performance of supercapacitors.[35–38] At the same time, two-dimensional mesoporous structure can improve the performance of supercapacitor.[39–42] The mesoporous NiCo2O4NWAs were successfully prepared on adhesive carbon textiles with the assistance of surfactants.[43] The conductivity and electrochemical properties of this material were significantly improved due to the N and P doping. The N-doped carbon-coated NiCo2O4NWAs electrode was prepared in a simple and economical way.[44] The NiCo2O4NWAs was generated at the bottom layer of Ni foam at first, after the impregnation in aqueous dopamine solution, it was annealed in pure Ar atmosphere to obtain the electrode material. Compared with the NiCo2O4NWAs without doping, it has a higher capacitance, better rate, and stability performance. However, for the NiCo2O4NWAs which is doped with phosphorus by using PH3 plasma, since the electronegativity of P element is far less than that of O element, many oxygen vacancies are generated in the material, leading to the higher conductivity and smaller band gap. Compared with the Ni-Co-O bond, the long Ni-Co-P bond has less attraction to the electrons in the three-dimensional orbital. Therefore, P-NiCo2O4NWAs has good electrochemical performance and rapid redox reaction speed. The supercapacitor made of this material usually has large specific capacitance, high-rate performance, good cycle stability, and electrolyzed water catalytic performance.[34] The P doped Ni(OH)2 bar is generated on nickel foam, taken it as a substrate, the loading capacity of ultrathin NiCo-Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets on foamed Ni can be improved, and extra channel for electron transmission will be provided, thus improving the capacitance of composite materials.[45] Cheng et al.[46] designed a new Lithium ion capacitor by choosing the cNiCo2O4 nanocomposites introduced MOF derivatives as anode and highly porous Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanofiber's(VACNF) as cathode.