China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Credentialing Occupational Hygiene
Published in Thomas P. Fuller, Global Occupational Safety and Health Management Handbook, 2019
The American Board of Health Physics (ABHP) grants professional certification in the field of radiation protection and is accredited by the Council of Engineering and Scientific Specialty Boards. The Certified Health Physicist provides protection to workers from hazardous radiation sources. Certification examinations administered by the ABHP evaluate candidate’s abilities in the areas of radiation measurement, selection of detection instruments, analytical techniques for radiation sampling, mathematical modeling of radiation exposure and control, analysis of data, and preparation of reports. Other general topics include the development of standard operating procedures for radiation fieldwork, emergency response, record keeping, and applicable regulations (ABHP, 2018).
Education and Training for Radiation Protection in Nuclear Power Plants
Published in Kenneth L. Miller, of Radiation Protection Programs, 2020
The primary purpose of health physics is the protection of workers and the public from the harmful effects of radiation. Other purposes of reactor health physics include protecting the employer from regulatory penalties and from litigation, and helping to provide reliable and inexpensive electricity. Health physicists play a major role in maintaining the public confidence that is necessary for efficient operation; in at least one instance, health physics deficiencies played a major role in the permanent shutdown of a plant.
Nuclear Power
Published in Robert Ehrlich, Harold A. Geller, John R. Cressman, Renewable Energy, 2023
Robert Ehrlich, Harold A. Geller, John R. Cressman
Health physics refers to the field of science concerned with radiation physics and radiation biology, with special emphasis on the protection of personnel from the harmful effects of ionizing radiation. The field of health physics is complicated by its use of various units—both current SI units and an older set of units that still appear in many books and articles (Table 3.3).
Gamma–ray shielding capability of CoFeTaB amorphous solids using Monte Carlo simulations and Phy–X/PSD software
Published in Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids, 2023
M. Tokaç, Z. Y. Khattari, M. S. Al-Buriahi
Gamma–rays have been utilized in several areas, such as in medical and nuclear industries, hence gamma–ray attenuation parameters have gained great importance due to their applications in radiation shielding and health physics. Therefore, it is necessary to report the shielding parameters for metallic glass systems to obtain a glass that can supply a convenient safe shielding from radiation. The gamma–ray shielding capabilities of four CoFe–based glassy alloys with varying Tantalum concentrations were investigated in this study for their potential application as radiation shielding materials. Alloys with thicknesses of 3 nm were deposited onto Si/SiO2 substrates. The chemical details of the present metallic alloys are calculated by using molar–volume weighted average density approximation, as listed in Table 1, where there are four different glassy CoFeTaB amorphous alloys namely CFTB20, CFTB25, CFTB30 and CFTB35.
Stance of halides towards γ-rays on the basis of radiation interaction parameters
Published in Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids, 2019
Well, radiation and its interaction with matter is really a complex phenomenon and it is not a one-line story to be understood easily. A blend of classical and quantum look is indispensible for better understanding of such phenomenon. These interactions with materials and their applications are spread from nuclear physics, nuclear engineering, health physics, radiation physics, radiation dosimetry, radiation protection, space research, radiobiology, etc. which require knowledge of radiation interaction with materials for shielding and dose measurement. Mass attenuation coefficients, effective atomic numbers, effective atomic weight are the parameters in this regard. However, , a photon interaction parameter, is one of the most vital parameters used for: initial assessment of dose, buildup factors, tissue equivalence, radiation absorption, radiation scattering, shielding efficiency and γ & neutron shielding effectiveness for compound materials. Effective atomic number () has been determined by many researchers for various materials e.g. for dosimetric materials (1–3), solutions (4), thermoluminescent dosimeters (5), biological materials (6, 5, 7–43), composite materials (10), building materials (12), gaseous mixtures (13), alloys (14–17), semiconductors (18, 19), glasses (20, 21), soils (22, 23), amino acids (24), fatty acids (25, 26), minerals (27) and many more.
Assessment of natural radioactivity in rice and their associated population dose estimation
Published in Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids, 2018
Ashikun Nahar, Khandoker Asaduzzaman, M. Moinul Islam, Md. Mashiur Rahman, Mahfuza Begum
Different varieties of rice grain samples were collected from the local market of Dhaka city and Brahmanbaria area of Bangladesh. Only locally produced and available different types of rice were selected for this study. The rice samples were collected in the plastic bag and marked properly with different sample ID and date. There are 20–22 varieties of rice are grown in Bangladesh. Off which, fifteen popular varieties were chosen for the present study. The collected samples were brought to the radiation monitoring laboratory of Health Physics and Radioactive Waste Management Unit for the analysis of natural radioactivity. The irrelevant materials like pieces of stone, gravel, leaf and roots were removed from the samples. The samples were crushed by using mortar and pastel to make a fine powder of appropriate particle size and then sieved with a 400 μm sieve to make them homogeneous. The sieved rice samples were taken into the cylindrical plastic container of equal size and shape, sealed tightly and stored for about 30 days (more than 7 half-lives of 222Rn) at room temperature to reach secular equilibrium between 226Ra, 232Th and their progenies before gamma-ray counting by gamma-ray spectrometry system.