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Operating Wisely
Published in Carl Bozzuto, Boiler Operator's Handbook, 2021
If there is anything that boiler operators pretend to know nothing about, it is electricity. Electrification is being proposed as one means of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Heating and cooling can be accomplished with electric heat pumps. Cogeneration provides distributed generation, where every decent sized boiler plant can be generating electricity. It will be essential that the boiler operators of tomorrow know enough about electricity to use it, generate it, and occasionally troubleshoot a circuit. The current trend is toward engine and gas turbine cogeneration. That is where the fuel that is normally burned in the boiler is fired in the engine or gas turbine instead. The engine or turbine generates electric power and the steam or hot water is generated by the heat from the exhaust of the engine or turbine. Whether it is an engine, a gas turbine, a fuel cell, an electric boiler, or a very conventional steam turbine driving an electric generator, an operator will eventually encounter one of these because all plants will have them.
Simulation and Optimization of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems
Published in Yatish T. Shah, Hybrid Power, 2021
Renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, and biomass, which have received a growing attention from many firms and policy planners around the globe, are being considered for utilization and electrification in many geographical locations of the world. The hybrid energy systems which incorporate such sources are typically capable of electricity production for several applications such as commercial or office buildings, rural areas with difficult access to electricity, hospitals, telecommunication services, and many other facilities. In such systems, energy is produced using primary power system components, such as the WECSs, PVs, hydro power systems, and/or other conventional generators, which employ fossil fuel-based generators such as the diesel generator. Hybrid power systems, in terms of their energy production, are generally ranged from small to large scales. They are capable of generating electricity for small residences to commercial scale systems, which can electrify a whole village or an island. [1–23].
Enhancing the Value of Electricity
Published in Clark W. Gellings, Exploring the Value of Electricity, 2020
Commercial and industrial (C&I) enterprises, including public institutions, are facing intense pressure to increase productivity and reduce operating costs without compromising quality of production or service. In many cases, electrification—i.e. the application of novel, energy-efficient electric technologies as alternatives to fossil-fueled- or non-energized- processes—can boost productivity, reduce energy intensity, lower operating costs, and enhance the quality of service to the enterprise and the customers that it serves. In addition, many electrification applications may generate substantial emissions reductions that may benefit both the customer and the public. Examples of industrial C&I electrification applications include non-road electric vehicles and materials handling equipment, electric heat pumps, and electric process heating.
Infrastructure planning for ride-hailing services using shared autonomous electric vehicles
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 2022
Many studies presented to the literature highlight the importance of electrification of transportation toward attaining more sustainable cities. Electrification increases energy efficiency, reduces green house gas emissions, and increases affordability of transportation ((Daziano & Chiew, 2012; Tseng et al., 2013; Zhang & Bai, 2017), to cite a few). The performance and cost of operating a fleet of SAEVs in the city of Austin, Texas, USA are examined in (Loeb & Kockelman, 2019). This simulation study conclude that though the SAEVs may not be financially advantageous in the near future, the resulting environmental benefits could be significant. Donna Chen et al. (2016) use an agent based model to explore the management of a fleet of SAEVs under various vehicle range and charging infrastructure scenarios in the city of Austin. The model results indicate that a SAEV can replace between 3.7 to 6.8 privately owned vehicles. The study also found that SAEV fleets can be competitive with current manually-driven car sharing services, and is significantly cheaper than on-demand driver-operated transportation services. Although SAEV systems have a significant potential of economic and social benefits, SAEV systems in the context of smart urban mobility is an understudied area of research (Golbabaei et al., 2021).
The elasticity of residential electricity demand and the rebound effect in 18 European Union countries
Published in Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 2022
Additionally, the definition of electrification has changed from a country’s access to electricity; it now means the increase in the share of electricity usage from overall energy consumption. As a final energy source, electricity induces much less carbon emission than other energy sources, and electrification could be a solution for carbon mitigation (Daneshvar, Pesaran, and Mohammadi-ivatloo 2018; Xylia et al. 2019). According to the European Commission (EC) (2018), in 2050, global electrification in transport, building, and industry will be 63%, 45%, and 50%, respectively, implying the role of electrification for carbon neutrality. Hence, in the long term, electrification will massively contribute to carbon mitigation (Ebrahimi, Mac Kinnon, and Brouwer 2018).
Eco-driving at signalized intersections: a parameterized reinforcement learning approach
Published in Transportmetrica B: Transport Dynamics, 2023
The transportation system has been recognised as one of the major sources of energy consumption and air pollution. The authorities have tried their utmost to build a sustainable and efficient transportation system by applying advanced technologies. One promising way to facilitate the progress is to increase the market penetrating rate (MPR) of electric vehicles with effective energy management strategies. On one hand, the electrification of vehicles promotes the use of cleaner energy, which is of benefit to achieve low-emission outcomes (Li et al. 2019). On the other hand, making full use of existing energy can help reduce energy consumption during the operation period of the vehicles. As an energy-efficient purpose is inseparable from advanced technologies, the application of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication to traffic control and management has triggered a possible revolution towards an ecological and efficient transportation system. Plenty of research-based evidence can be found to support the view that such connected technologies are promising to enhance traffic performance (Chen and Liu 2019; Talebpour and Mahmassani 2016; Ard et al. 2021; Shi et al. 2021; Jiang et al. 2022). The vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) technique is predicated on the premise that communication modules will be deployed in parallel on both vehicles and traffic infrastructures. This approach holds the potential for widespread implementation in the near future, as it allows connected vehicles (CVs) to receive information transmitted from traffic infrastructures, including traffic lights and ramp meterings. This information can aid CVs in making more informed decisions, ultimately enhancing energy efficiency (Luo, Mohammad Razaur Rahman Shaon, and Zhang 2023).