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Communication Infrastructure for Smart Microgrids
Published in Sasi K. Kottayil, Smart Microgrids, 2020
Smart grid is an umbrella term that envisions every possible smart technique that can be incorporated into various sectors of operational aspects and application services in electric power system so as to realize efficient, reliable, affordable and quality electric power delivery. Smart grid will thus have many new applications for all stakeholders and these applications will include many interrelated systems. One key technological area that is invariably required in almost all automation that smart grid brings forth is ICT that provides bidirectional communication capability to all devices involved. A good understanding on the ever-evolving communication requirements, with each new application, of all smart grid stakeholders is essential for smooth design, development and integration of ICT to power system to make it smart (Figure 3.33).
Power Delivery Systems: Transmission and Distribution
Published in J. Lawrence, P.E. Vogt, Electricity Pricing, 2017
The electric power system represents the infrastructure that produces electricity and transports it to customers in order to serve the energy requirements of end-use load devices. The classical, vertically integrated utility structure was briefly discussed in Chapter 1, and the typical power system’s functional organization was illustrated in Figure 1.1. In short, electricity is generated at various central station production plants, transmitted over often long distances to major load centers throughout a utility’s service territory, and distributed over relatively short distances to individual customers. These functions are fundamental and common to both a fully regulated utility operation and a restructured, competitive electric industry. Electric power always flows along the chain from the points of generation to the points of end use, even when some functions of the power system are provided as a regulated service of the incumbent utility, while other functions are provided by alternative suppliers as a competitive service.
Introduction
Published in Jagatheesan Kaliannan, Anand Baskaran, Nilanjan Dey, Amira S. Ashour, Bio-Inspired Algorithms in PID Controller Optimization, 2018
Jagatheesan Kaliannan, Anand Baskaran, Nilanjan Dey, Amira S. Ashour
Continuing development in technology has raised the dependence on electrical power availability. Commercial power resources enable the modern world to operate even with all the required demands. The electric power system has a significant role in several applications including the storage, transfer, and use of electric power. The electric power system is an electrical network of components organized to convert one form of energy into a useful form of electrical power. The operation and performance of electrical equipment is mainly based on the quality of power supply. With the emergence of sophisticated technology, intelligent technology demands power that is free of disturbance and interruption.
Efficiency and Cost Based Multi-optimization and Thermal/Electromagnetic Analyses of 3-Phase Dry-Type Transformer
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2022
Burak Esenboga, Tugce Demirdelen
In an electric power system, electric energy is converted from one form to another such as converting between the alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) or changing current, voltage or frequency. Transformers are such devices that convert one AC voltage to another AC voltage level while providing some electrical isolation. They are indispensable components in many energy conversion systems. They make the possible electric conversion at the most economical transformation voltage, power transfer at the most economical transmission voltage. Therefore, transformers are the most important equipment for energy conversion, transmission and distribution and are commonly used for supplying electricity to various residential, industries and hospital usages.
A resilient hierarchical distributed model of a cyber physical system
Published in Cyber-Physical Systems, 2023
We apply the above method to create a hierarchical distributed model of a typical electric power system. We use a simplified electric power system as an example to illustrate the method. A typical electric power system consists of power generation station, power transmission station, power distribution station, and power load. The power system is equipped with a SCADA system. The power generation includes a generator, a step-up transformer, and a bus bar. The power is transmitted by a transmission line to a power transmission station containing step-down transformer(s). Another transmission line carries power to a distribution station. The power is then distributed to various loads. We develop substation units as made up of lower level RCPS units. For example, the generation substation unit RCPS is made up of one generator unit RCPS, two bus bar unit RCPS, one transformer unit RCPS, one router unit RCPS connected to a firewall RCPS as shown in Figure 7. The generator unit RCPS, in turn, is made up of the other lower levels RCPS units such as IED unit, circuit breaker, generator, current transformer, voltage transformer, and sensors. Similarly, the other higher level RCPS units are built based upon the lower level RCPS units. We cannot show the structure of all RCPS units due to the space limitation, it is important to point out that the embedded RCPS in a higher level RCPS, as shown in , have been compressed/truncated and some of the RCPSs are shown symbolically to make them fit into the diagrams. For example, sensorRCPS, genRCPS, etc., have been symbolically shown without revealing their inner structure. In the same way, the IEDUnitRCPS in Figure 7 shows only partly all the internal components.
A Survey on Cloud Computing Applications in Smart Distribution Systems
Published in Electric Power Components and Systems, 2018
Jeovane V. de Sousa, Denis V. Coury, Ricardo A. S. Fernandes
The electric power system is a set of devices responsible for generating, transmitting and distributing electricity to end consumers. The world energy consumption has increased steadily for much of the twentieth century and that fact requires strategic planning to achieve its expansion needs. Furthermore, utilities are trying to deal with some challenges, including energy conservation, a more effective use of sustainable energy, demand response, and reduction of carbon emissions [1–4].