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Thermal analysis of thermo-electric power generation system for the waste heat recovery from a marine diesel engine aboard a handymax-size tanker
Published in Selma Ergin, C. Guedes Soares, Sustainable Development and Innovations in Marine Technologies, 2022
The world energy consumption is on the increase due to increasing population and need. The overconsumption of energy leads to environmental issues. More than 80% of goods in the world are transported on ships (Kristiansen & Nielsen, 2010). Additionally, more ships are needed due to increase in global trade. Despite marine transportation releases less emission into the atmosphere compared to land and air transportation, increasing the number of ships results in more emissions. Energy efficiency, green fuel and waste heat recovery have become issues. As a result, waste heat recovery has recently become a significant work area in industry. Thermo-electric power generation is also a part of this topic. Thermo-electric power generation is a direct energy conversion from thermal energy to electrical energy. This energy conversion occurs with the Seebeck effect, which is voltage generation using the temperature difference between the hot and cold sides of a thermo-electric module. Additionally, figure of merit (ZT), a nondimensional value, indicates the performance of a thermo-electric material.
Evolving Power System Technologies and Considerations
Published in Dale R. Patrick, Stephen W. Fardo, Brian W. Fardo, Electrical Power Systems Technology, 2021
Dale R. Patrick, Stephen W. Fardo, Brian W. Fardo
We must keep in mind that electrical power itself is not a source of energy. Electrical power plants typically burn coal, natural gas, or fuel oil to produce high temperature steam. The steam furnishes the energy to rotate steam turbines that produce the mechanical energy to rotate three-phase AC generators which provide our requirement for electrical energy. This is an indirect energy conversion process, as compared to a solar cell, for example. A solar cell provides direct energy conversion by converting solar energy directly to electrical energy in the form of direct current (DC). We must continue to be conservation conscious in order to assure that electrical power will be available. The experimental research and development efforts of electrical power companies must continue. We have become accustomed to low cost, “unlimited” supply of electrical power.
Irreversible Thermodynamics
Published in Kavati Venkateswarlu, Engineering Thermodynamics, 2020
The overall energy conversion efficiency is very less since the energy conversion efficiency of each parameter in Eq. 16.6 is less than 100%. Therefore, there is a renewed interest nowadays to develop the direct energy conversion technologies that can potentially compete with conventional indirect energy conversion technologies.
Thermodynamic evaluation of SOFC-GT hybrid power and cooling system
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2021
Worldwide increasing energy requirements and the limited availability of fossil fuels necessitate to explore the possibility of alternative modes of energy generation. The direct energy conversion systems like fuel cell technology offer great potential to meet this challenge. Researches indicate that the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) has been successfully integrated with a gas turbine (GT) cycle resulting into SOFC-GT hybrid system from the perspective of optimum energy utilization. The energy utilization in SOFC-GT hybrid system can be further improved by using the heat energy leaving with the GT exhaust gases for meeting the simultaneous cooling requirements.
Thermal modelling, performance analysis and exergy study of a concentrated semi-transparent photovoltaic-thermoelectric generator (CSPV-TEG) hybrid power generation system
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Energy, 2021
Abhishek Tiwari, Shruti Aggarwal
Thermoelectric module is a direct energy conversion device in which the thermal energy is directly converted into electrical energy in a noiseless manner without any use of moving mechanical parts or working fluids. It can also be used for active and passive cooling purposes through Peltier and Seebeck effect, respectively. The main advantage associated with thermoelectric module is their small size. The performance of thermoelectric module can also be improved by material optimisation and geometry optimisation (Li et al. 2019). Unlike other hybrid systems, integration of a thermoelectric module with the PV module has a characteristic feature that thermoelectric module converts waste heat energy emitted by the PV module in the form of infra-red radiation into electricity through Seebeck/Peltier effect (Tritt, Bottner, and Chen 2008). In other words, the output of thermoelectric module is the same as that of the PV module i.e. electrical. Van Sark (2011) initiated an idea of PV-TEG hybrid system in which the TEG utilises the unused heat energy emitted from the PV module to generate electrical energy. The results showed conversion efficiency for roof integrated PV-TE ideal system increasing up to 3% for thermoelectric materials having a figure of merit of 0.004 K−1 at 300 K. Mohsenzadeh, Shafii, and Jafari (2017) proposed a new structure for parabolic trough photovoltaic/thermal collector and studied experimentally the thermal and electrical performances. The receiver of the concentrator consisted of PV cells and TE modules covering the triangular channel. The daily average electrical and thermal efficiencies reached 4.83% and 46.16%, respectively. Al-Nimr, Al-Ammari, and Alkhalidi (2018) proposed a PV/TEC distillation system. The results illustrated that the system achieved its maximum productivity at an ambient temperature of 298 K, solar radiation of 1000 W/m2 and at a wind speed of 5.5 m/s. The maximum yield of the system was 4.2 kg of distilled water per day and the electrical power output of 73 W with an overall efficiency of 57.9%. Ershuai Yin, Li, and Xuan (2018) proposed a design method for the concentration spectrum splitting photovoltaic thermoelectric hybrid system. The results illustrated attainment of optimal temperature distribution by varying thermoelectric structure factor. Also, the optimal cut-off wavelength of the spectral splitter decreased with the increase of figure of merit. Lamba and Kaushik 2017 carried out the thermodynamic analysis of TEG (Thermoelectric generator) and included the influence of Thomson effect and leg geometry configuration. The results indicated improvement in energy and exergy efficiency by 2.32% and 2.31%, respectively when the shape parameter is increased from 1 to 2. There was also observed 1.3% decrease in power output.