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Indoor Air Quality
Published in Mary K. Theodore, Louis Theodore, Introduction to Environmental Management, 2021
Mary K. Theodore, Louis Theodore
Data taken from various states suggest an average indoor radon-222 concentration of 1.5 pCi/L (picocuries per liter, a concentration radiation term) and approximately 1 million homes with concentrations exceeding 8 pCi/L [3]. One curie is equal to a quantity of a material with 37 billion radioactive decays per second. One trillionth of a curie is a pCi. Assuming residents in these homes spend close to 80% of their time indoors, their radon exposure would come close to the level for recommended remedial action set by the U.S. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. The EPA believes that up to 8 million homes may have radon levels exceeding 4 pCi/L air, the level at which the EPA recommends corrective action. In comparison, the maximum level of radon set for miners by the U.S. Mine Safety and Health Administration is as high as 16 pCi/L.
Review of Elements of Radiation Science and Technology
Published in Jiri George Drobny, Radiation Technology for Polymers, 2020
Strength (or power) of a gamma radiation source is referred to as radioactivity.28 It is defined as spontaneous changes in a nucleus accompanied by the emission of energy from the nucleus as a radiation. Units of radioactivity are curie (Ci) or bequerel (Bq). Radioactivity is defined as the number disintegrations (dis) of radioactive nuclides per second. Bequerel is the SI unit of radioactivity, which is 1 dis/s. However, this is a very small amount of radioactivity, and traditionally it is measured in units of curie. 1 curie = 3.7 × 1010 Bq. For a gamma radiator, source power may be calculated from the source activity, such that 106 curie is approximately 15 kW of power.28
Origin and Classification of Radiation
Published in Philip T. Underhill, Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material, 2018
Radioactivity is fundamentally different from radiation. The radioactivity of a substance is a measure of the rate at which radioactive decays are taking place. Radioactivity is quantified using a unit called a curie. Therefore, the curie is a basic unit of activity measurement.
Can gadolinium compete with La-Fe-Co-Si in a thermomagnetic generator?
Published in Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2021
Daniel Dzekan, Anett Diestel, Dietmar Berger, Kornelius Nielsch, Sebastian Fähler
Gd is a classical ferromgnet with a hexagonal crystal structure. It orders ferromagnetically during a second order phase transition at the Curie temperature K [26]. As the magnetic properties of Gd depend on purity and processing [20], we measured the properties of the plates used in the generator.