China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Introduction to Circular Economy and Recycling Plastics
Published in Rupinder Singh, Ranvijay Kumar, Additive Manufacturing for Plastic Recycling, 2022
Deepika Kathuria, Monika Bhattu
Closed-loop recycling, often known as “upcycling or horizontal recycling,” keeps the recovered plastic materials designed and manufactured qualities the same as their virgin counterparts. As a result, the recycled plastic can be utilized to make the same products as before. However, with the use of different ingredients, the product produced can be completely new. Recycling of PET bottles into new bottles is as an example of closed-loop recycling (Ahvenainen, 2003). Polymers such as polypropylene (PP) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) can be recycled through this process as the properties remain intact in the manufacturer's products as of the original product (www.exeley.com). On the other hand, the designed and manufactured features of recycled plastic materials are degraded to use the material to generate other products which may be of lower-quality goods than the ones from which they were originally recovered. This process is known as open-loop recycling, also termed “downcycling” or “cascading” (Eriksen et al., 2019). Formation of PET fibers from PET bottles illustrates an example of the open-loop recycling process. Figure 1.3 depicts the closed- and open-loop recycling of PET bottles. Unfortunately, the currently known mechanical recycling processes are limited due to the following reasons: a) cost, b) inconsistency in the product quality, and c) mechanical properties degradation.
Environmentally led strategies
Published in Jane Penty, Product Design and Sustainability, 2019
In closed-loop recycling, post-consumer waste goes back into making the same category of products as many times as possible, such as with PET plastic bottles, aluminium drinks cans and some direct take-back schemes. Although this is the best outcome for any product, because it directly displaces the use of virgin materials, it is surprisingly still relatively rare.19 Instead, the vast majority of products that are recycled end up in open-loop recycling, where the materials recovered go on to produce a lower grade product either because the waste stream cannot be sorted or because the material naturally loses some of its performance properties when it is recycled, as in the case of paper fibres. This is also known as downcycling or cascading, and is still very valuable where the recycled material displaces virgin content. Examples of this include plastic downcycled into garden products, including rainwater collectors, or high-quality office paper downcycled into cardboard and newsprint.
Sustainability Analytics for Global Issues
Published in Ram Ramanan, Introduction to Sustainability Analytics, 2018
Circular economy is conceptually625 a transformation of a two-century-old mindset, from a linear take-make-throw economy to a customer-centric circular Cradle-to-Cradle model that Applies closed-loop recycling to eradicate waste systematically throughout the life cycles and uses of products and their componentsInnovates business models that build on the interaction between products and services as well as product design that utilizes the economic value retained in products after use in the production of new offerings.
A comprehensive review on photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants and microbial inactivation using Ag/AgVO3 with metal ferrites based on magnetic nanocomposites
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2023
Nuralhuda Aladdin Jasim, Shahlaa Esmail Ebrahim, Saad H. Ammar
Reusing waste materials is commonly referred to as recycling, though occasionally special techniques are needed for trash recovery or conversion into finished goods or raw resources. Zero-waste production or the circular economy is an industrial system that permits remanufacturing and reuse. In the modern world, closed-loop recycling is the primary industry strategy for developing the architecture of a circular economy. Additionally, recycling is effective, particularly for composite materials because of how easily their physical qualities may be changed. In conclusion, a circular economy helps to create goods that have the right mechanical qualities as well as reduce harmful materials and trash (Nguyen et al., 2022).
Upcycling textile wastes: challenges and innovations
Published in Textile Progress, 2021
Zunjarrao Kamble, Bijoya Kumar Behera
The other recycling routes are upcycling and downcycling. When the product developed from recycled material has a higher value or quality than the original product, it is termed upcycling and vice versa for downcycling. Another classification of textile recycling routes is closed- or open-loop recycling. When material from a product is recycled and used to produce similar products, it is termed closed-loop recycling whereas when the material from a product is recycled and used to produce another product, it is termed open-loop recycling.