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Energy systems: integration, distribution and storage
Published in John Twidell, Renewable Energy Resources, 2021
Numerous other types of storage batteries have been and are being developed for special applications; some are listed in Table 15.2 of §15.5. Betavoltaic devices incorporate radioactive βemitters to inject electrons into the conduction band of appropriate semiconductors, thereby producing the equivalent of a solar cell. Such devices are very low-power because of the need for radiation safety, but have long lifetimes. Carbon in the form of diamond and so resembling silicon in band structure, is one such host, so being named ‘diamond batteries.’ For further details of batteries see www.electropaedia.com and www.mpoweruk.com.
Optimization of Beta Radioluminescent Batteries with Different Radioisotopes: A Theoretical Study
Published in Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2021
Hosein Moayedi, Soheil Hajibaba, Hossein Afarideh, Mitra Ghergherehchi, Masoumeh Mohamadian
Betavoltaic batteries are self-contained power sources that convert a high-energy beta ray emitted from radioactive isotopes into an electrical current.1 A typical betavoltaic device consists of a layer of beta-emitting material called a radioactive source placed adjacent to a semiconductor P-N junction or Schottky diode.1,2 When the semiconductor material is bombarded by high-energy beta particles, pairs of electron holes are generated by ionization. Since the average kinetic energy of typical beta particles used for betavoltaic devices lies within the order of the kilo-electron-volt regime, a single beta particle can be responsible for generating multiple pairs of electron holes. Similar to photovoltaics, electron-hole pairs that are generated inside the depletion layer are isolated by the built-in electric field and drifted apart.
Research on the Performance of Nuclear Battery with SiC-Schottky and GaN-PIN Structure
Published in Nuclear Technology, 2022
Shanxue Xi, Haijun Li, Linxiang Li, Kun Wu, Guangwei Huang, Zungang Wang, Yiyun Zhang, Chunzhi Zhou
The β betavoltaic nuclear battery is a direct energy conversion device that is mainly composed of the radioisotope source, semiconductor energy conversion devices (such as semiconductor PN junction, PIN junction, and Schottky diode), and electrodes. When the beta rays interact with the semiconductor material, electron-hole pairs (EHPs) are generated due to ionization, and the carriers move directionally under the action of the built-in electric field to generate current, so as to realize the process of converting the radiation into electrical energy. Figure 4 is a schematic of the betavoltaics.21
Theoretical analysis of betavoltaic cells based on pDSBD structure
Published in Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids, 2023
Shanxue Xi, Chunzhi Zhou, Yiyun Zhang, Haijun Li, Zungang Wang, Zhiqiang Liu, Xiaoyan Yi, Jinmin Li
The rapid development of micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) has brought the demand for miniaturization of energy supply. As a high-efficiency micro-power source, the betavoltaic-effect cell has the advantages of small size, light weight, high energy density, long service life, amenable to miniaturization and integration, and low-frequency maintenance service (1,2).