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Renewable energy policy and politics in Canada and Germany
Published in Andrea Bues, Social Movements against Wind Power in Canada and Germany, 2020
Germany’s1 engagement in renewable energy can be traced back to the 1970s when the oil crisis sparked a sudden rise in coal and nuclear generation. The high public salience of environmental issues contributed to the formation of a strong anti-nuclear movement opposing the rapid construction of nuclear and coal-fired power plants. The term Energiewende can be traced back to this time. It involves a nuclear phase-out in the short term and coal phase-out in the mid-term, the development and integration of renewable energies, targets for greenhouse gas reduction, and the improvement of energy efficiency (Hake et al. 2015). The term was first coined by the German think tank Öko-Institut in a 1980 report called “Energie-Wende: Wachstum und Wohlstand ohne Erdöl und Uran” (Krause et al. 1980).2
Nuclear and Hydro Power
Published in Anco S. Blazev, Energy Security for The 21st Century, 2021
Internationally, the anti-nuclear movement is on the rise. In India, Bulgaria, Poland, and some EU states people are sharply divided along the lines of pro- and con-nuclear power proliferation.
Public participation and democratization: effects on the production and consumption of science and technology
Published in Tapuya: Latin American Science, Technology and Society, 2020
The eradication of technologies as a result of organized citizen resistance is infrequent, and does not always result in the complete extinction of a technological trajectory. The anti-nuclear movement embraced the cause of disarmament and the end of nuclear reactors to generate energy, given its risks. Although with limited gains on the first front, activism was essential to the signature of arms control treaties and freezing armament campaigns (Coburn 2017). The success was greater on the second front, causing the delay, suspension or cooling pace of nuclear plants construction in the United States and in some European countries (Kitschelt 1986). In what was then West Germany, anti-nuclear activism, strengthened in the 1970s, was successful in freezing nuclear infrastructure after the Chernobyl disaster (Rucht 1990). Later, the Fukushima tragedy accelerated German actions to completely shut down nuclear reactors by 2022 (Feldhoff 2014) and invigorated anti-nuclear movements in several countries, including Japan (Eijii 2016), and created new movements in India (Choudhury 2012).