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Thermal Power Generation
Published in T.M. Aggarwal, Environmental Control in Thermal Power Plants, 2021
Coal based thermal power stations are no doubt associated with environmental problem primarily because of high ash content in Indian coal. Power grade coal in India contains as high as 40 – 45% ash. A 2000 MW Super Thermal power station burns as much as 25.000 tonnes of coal a year generating as much as 3.5 to 4.0 million tonnes of ash. Emission of fly ash is another environmental issue in addition emission of CO2, SOx and NOx. Fortunately Indian coal has very low sulphur content and therefore SO2 and acid rain is not relevant.
Energy and Electricity in India
Published in David Hart, Nuclear Power in India, 2019
Excluding the use of coking coal in the iron and steel industry, coal in India is used mainly for power generation and in railway engines. These uses make up one-third and one-quarter respectively of non-coking coal consumption.
Internalizing the external cost of gaseous and particulate matter emissions from the coal-based thermal power plants in India
Published in Particulate Science and Technology, 2021
Based on information available with National Thermal Power Corporation website (Coal based power plants 2020), Coal Directory 2017–18 (Coal controller organization 2020) by Coal Controller of India and Indian Minerals Yearbook 2012 (Indian Bureau of Mines 2020), the major coal mine sources located in various states of India were considered (Table 1). The Gondwana coal is characterized by low Sulfur, high ash content whereas the imported coal by India contains lesser ash compared to the domestic coal. Lignite used in lignite-based power plants in India has high Sulfur content in it. From the number of units of electricity generated by a particular state during a specific year, the emission levels from individual states are calculated by considering the average percentage composition of Sulfur (S), Nitrogen (N), Volatile Material (VM), Ash, Carbon (C) based on ultimate analysis of the coal (Table 2) which included domestic, imported coal and lignite sources assuming complete combustion.
Characterization and Evaluation of Energy Properties of Pellets produced from Coir pith, Saw dust and Ipomoea carnea and their blends
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2021
Nabajit Dev Choudhury, Niharendu Saha, Biswa Ranjan Phukan, Rupam Kataki
As noted in Table 6, CO and CO2 emission factors of pellets ranged from 50.41 to 55.69 kg/ton of fuel and 1206.78 to 1336.21 kg/ton of fuel, respectively, which is lower than emission factors of hard coal. Regarding NOx emission factors, pellets S2, S4, S8 and S9 showed lower NOX emission in comparison to hard coal (4.09 kg/ton). Biofuel with higher NOx emission factor can cause high NOx emission to the environment (Protásio et al. 2013).Combustion of coal is a serious issue around the world due to its severe environmental and public health impacts. Coal fuels the energy sector in India and many developing nations. In 2017, about 806 million tonnes of India’s total coal consumption were used in thermal power plants and it is expected that it will increase at a growth rate of 6.3% (Coal in India 2019). These pellets could be suitable options for sustainable bioenergy supply to minimize possible severe effect of increasing coal consumption to meet up surging energy demand.
Effect of coal grade and heating rate on the thermal degradation behavior, kinetics, and thermodynamics of pyrolysis of low-rank coal
Published in International Journal of Coal Preparation and Utilization, 2023
Gayatri Sabat, Narayan Gouda, Achyut K Panda
Coal is the world’s wealthiest known fossil fuel, accounting for around ten times the amount of other carbonaceous resources. It is used as a fuel for electricity generation by more than half of the world’s power plants. Residential, commercial, and industrial applications have all employed coal and coal-derived fuels (Balat 2009). Many countries, including the United States, China, India, and Australia, have benefited greatly from the availability of coal resources (Kabe et al. 2004). Coal and coal products play a critical role in meeting our society’s energy needs (Vasireddy et al. 2011). India has established itself as one of the world’s most important coal reserves and producers. The majority of coal consumption in India is used in the electricity industry, as well as other manufacturing industries such as fertilizer, paper, and cement, for their process and energy requirements. Odisha has India’s second-largest coal deposits, which are largely low-rank or thermal-grade coals that are utilized to generate electricity in thermal power plants (Coal in India 2022). Low-rank coals are mostly the lower metamorphic type including lignite and sub-bituminous coals possessing high moisture, ash, and volatile components along with low carbon contents, leading to low heating value (Katalambula and Gupta 2009). Low-rank coal has the disadvantage of low thermal efficiency, emits more greenhouse gas upon combustion, and is difficult for storage and transportation. So direct combustion of such coal in a thermal power station is less preferable and thus can preferably be subjected to pyrolysis to produce gas, oil, and char/coke of higher calorific value (Yang et al. 2014). Coal has been converted into different energy products of industrial and economic importance through existing direct and indirect liquefaction and gasification (Khan 2011). Efficient utilization and design of a better process for conversion of low-rank coal to different energy products requires a thorough understanding of the complexities of the process and obtaining the optimum operating condition.