China
Africa
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Armatures for Coastal Resilience
Published in Elizabeth Mossop, Sustainable Coastal Design and Planning, 2018
The oldest idea in landscape architecture, and perhaps in human manipulation of the land, is to dig a hole and use the material from the hole to build a mound. Medieval castles were built on mounds, which were themselves built with the material that came from a trench surrounding the site—the defensive moat. With rising sea levels and water tables accompanied by more frequent river flooding, coastal cities should embrace the beneficial reuse of sediment from dredging to build superdikes with wetland habitat wedges on the estuary side. But we can do more than that. We can avoid the creation of a complex system of pumps whose failure would be a disaster by digging ponds and canals behind the superdikes and using that sediment as well to build the coastal landforms higher over time. With all that we have learned in recent years about the use of pontoons in heavy construction of bridges and wind turbines, it has become clear that ponds can support entire urban districts—districts that are genuinely adapted to flooding, because they simply rise and fall on the smooth water surface of a pond that has no waves.
IP and Other Moats
Published in Gennadi Saiko, Bringing a Medical Device to the Market A Scientist's Perspective, 2022
A medieval castle moat was a deep and wide ditch surrounding castles for the purpose of defense. The moat is not a medieval invention. They were found in ancient Egypt, Africa (Benin City), Asia (China and Japan), and North America (Maya and Mississippian cultures).
Mandalay’s hydraulic system –a historiographical approach to the regional spatial structure
Published in Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 2023
The Mandalay Moat around the walled city (M2; Fig. 8) was constructed around the same time as the palace, and it was completed in 1859 (Duroiselle, p.14). The moat was 225 feet (69 m) wide with an average depth of 11 feet (3.4m) (Duroiselle, p.24).