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Resilience-based design of reinforced masonry wall buildings under blast loading
Published in Claudio Modena, F. da Porto, M.R. Valluzzi, Brick and Block Masonry, 2016
S. Salem, W. El-Dakhakhni, M. Tait
The indirect approach has been applied through different design codes. ASCE 7 (ASCE, 2010) applies the indirect approach by improving the structural integrity. The improved structural integ-rity can be achieved by integrating systems of ties, catenary action of the floor slab, redundant struc-tural systems and ductile detailing (ASCE, 2010). The two North American standards addressing blast resistant structures focus on specialized detailing of the structural elements exposed to blast loading (ASCE, 2011; CSA, 2012). Typically, the indirect approach is accomplished through transferring loads from the damaged components of the structure to the undamaged components through tie forces (Marchand et al. 2009). However, the latest version of the General Service Administration for Progressive collapse resistance does not support the use of such a methodology (GSA, 2013).
Special Topics
Published in Bungale S. Taranath, Tall Building Design, 2016
Reinforced concrete, properly detailed, is generally preferred for blast-resistant structures. Concrete masonry may also be used for exterior walls but must always be reinforced and even then has a considerably higher potential for unacceptable brittle failure and subsequent fragmentation, especially if only cells containing reinforcing bars are grouted. Cavity walls are more effective than single wythes because the outer layer of brick will contribute additional mass and absorb many of the casing fragments produced by an external explosion.
Blast Design
Published in Paul W. McMullin, Jonathan S. Price, Sarah Simchuk, Special Structural Topics, 2018
Few specific qualifications exist for blast engineers. In Europe and North America, they typically possess relevant structural professional qualifications (P.E., S.E., C.Eng., EUR Ing.). In the United Kingdom, the Register of Security Engineers & Specialists (RSES) awards professional qualifications to its members, ranging from Grade A (lowest) to Grade C (highest). It is prudent to seek an engineer with an appropriate level of experience in blast-resistant design.
Structural design and damage assessment of a chamber for internal blast with explosion vent
Published in Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 2020
Jun Wu, Qiushi Yan, Tie shauan Zhuang, Chengyu Yang
Explosion venting of anti-explosion capacity of chambers for internal blast is usually composed of a venting channel and a water pool outside the channel. Size of the venting significantly affects the anti-explosion capacity of chamber for internal blast. A bigger venting could result in higher anti-explosion capacity of the device. However, cost would be remarkably increased for the venting channel and the water pool with the increase of the venting. In this study, size of the venting is first determined according to the proposed explosion equivalent, and space volume of the device is considered as a variable in analysis. The overall structural design of the chamber for internal blast is a hemispheric dome connected by cylindrical wall at the bottom, as shown in Figure 1. The structure comprises high-strength concrete structure with steel plate lining, explosion vent, blast-resistant door, water pool, sandbags, damping ditch, and the blast-resistant foundation. The volume of explosive for one single internal blast is designed to be less than 30 kg equivalent TNT. When disposing of the waste explosives, the blast waves as well as smoke and dust are discharged by the inclined explosion vent via the pool, achieving wave absorption, and environmentally-friendly disposal [1].
Effect of impact loading on bar development length in CCT node
Published in Journal of Structural Integrity and Maintenance, 2019
Hyeon-Jong Hwang, Li Zang, Gao Ma
Although the strain rate effect on the strength increment of reinforcing bars and concrete was studied, the bond strength between rebar and concrete under impact loading has not been well known. In general, design philosophy for impact/blast-resistant structures assumes the energy dissipation of flexural members without brittle failures such as shear and bond failures. Fu, Erki, and Seckin (1991) reported that the concrete tensile strength and bar bond strength increased under high strain rate, which increased the slope of sectional stress distribution. As a result, premature rebar fracture can occur due to stress concentration. Weathersby (2003) tested the bond strength of rebar embedded in concrete cylinder specimens under static, dynamic (5 × 10−3/s), and impact loads (200 × 10−3/s), which resulted in bar bond strengths under dynamic and impact loads were 2.70 and 3.30 times that of static load, respectively. Further, the bar development length requirement was decreased as the loading rate increased. Lauren, Abass, Ghani and Simon (2015) performed blast tests on RC beams, and the results showed that the bar bond stress under 0.1/s ~ 0.2/s loading rate increased to 2.24 ~ 3.68 times that of the static bar bond stress. Unlike bar bond stress under static or low-cycle dynamic loading, the effect of dynamic loading due to impact and blast on the bar bond strength has not been sufficiently studied.